The case study
Case studies An in-depth investigation of human experience Person (Examples?) The study of a single individual, often using several research methods Group The study of a single distinctive set of people, such as a family Location The study of a particular place, and the way it is used by people Organization The study of an single organization or company, and the way people act within it Event The study of a particular social or cultural event, and the interpretations of that event by those who participate in it
Case studies Why use case studies? To test current theories To refine current theories To test new theories To develop new theories To test usual assumptions
The use of the case study Intrinsic case studies - Unique - Because they are interesting - E.g. “The Wild Boy of Aveyron” 1797 - Not aimed for generalization Instrumental (extrensic) case studies - More general points of interests - Being homeless, being a teenager, a successful company
The use of the case study Descriptive - The purpose is to generate a detailed description which later will lead to new insights - Not analyzed according to any theory Explanatory - Aim is to describe and provide possible explanations for the phenomenon - Analyzed using e.g grounded theory
The use of the case study Context and rich data is very important Different perspectives are used I want to make a case study of Michael Jackson, what perspectives should I consider? Psychological – Personality test Biological / medical – medical records Historical – Individual and society Sociocultural – What kind of society was he part of? Relation to friends and family?
The use of the case study Triangulation provide rich data Looking at one phenomenon from different angles yields more complex but better data Case study is a research strategy not a research method in itself Other methods are used (such as?) Interviews Accounts from other people Observations Diaries Official documents
Strengths of case studies A possibility to investigate (complex) phenomenon that could not be studied otherwise (in a lab) Gives new insight into phenomenon or experience because of rich data Stimulates new research (Patient HM) Permits insight into social processes in a group using different methods Contradicts or confirm established theories
Limitations of case studies Replication not possible Researcher bias – researcher’s own beliefs influence the way data is obtained and analyzed Memory distortions – Reconstructing case history Generalization