Treatment of superficial and perforator venous incompetence without deep venous insufficiency: is routine perforator ligation necessary?  Robert R Mendes,

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Treatment of superficial and perforator venous incompetence without deep venous insufficiency: is routine perforator ligation necessary?  Robert R Mendes, MD, William A Marston, MD, Mark A Farber, MD, Blair A Keagy, MD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 38, Issue 5, Pages 891-895 (November 2003) DOI: 10.1016/S0741-5214(03)00933-9

Fig 1 Distribution of venous filling index (VFI) values measured before and after superficial venous ablation. Normal VFI, <2 mL/s. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2003 38, 891-895DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(03)00933-9)

Fig 2 Comparison of mean clinical symptom score (CSS) before and after superficial ablative surgery (P < .01). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2003 38, 891-895DOI: (10.1016/S0741-5214(03)00933-9)