Quaestio: How did Fascism take hold in Italy under Mussolini? Nunc Agenda: Work together with your partners using your knowledge of the Nationalist and Communist Movements in China to answer the first Short Answer question at the end of ch 35 in your textbook

Quaestio: How did Fascism take hold in Italy under Mussolini? Nunc Agenda: Work together with your partners using your knowledge of the Nationalist and Communist Movements in China to answer the first Short Answer question at the end of ch 35 in your textbook

What is Fascism anyway? WHAT IS FASCISM? Fascism developed in Italy, Spain, Germany, and Japan in the 1920s and 1930s. Fascism is a form of totalitarianism, or total control. The government is centralized, authoritarian, and glorifies the needs of the state over the individual. However, beyond that, there is a lack of agreement or clarity on the precise meaning, and different Fascist leaders have presented it in different ways.

What is Fascism anyway? One common feature is extreme nationalism, which demands uniformity in culture, race, or faith. Fascists glorified action, strength, discipline, violence, and loyalty. Those perceived as weak, other, or in conflict with the State had to be eliminated

What is Fascism anyway? One reason Fascism has so many conflicting definitions is because aspiring Fascist leaders often say whatever they need to say in order to win enough support to consolidate their power, meaning their own presentation of their views and positions are often inconsistent and may not always reflect their true ideology

20th Century Fascism During the 1920s and 1930s, Fascism became popular in many countries around the world. Many saw liberal democracy and enlightenment values weak and failed, and sought to return to a perceived greater past of greater strength when governments had more power Social Darwinism further strengthened the notion of “survival of the fittest” They believed that the interests of the individual were secondary to the interests of the state

Italian Fascism and Mussolini After WWI, the Allies failed to give Italy all the promised territory The country was in disorder, peasants revolting, veterans unemployed, lack of trade, high taxes Benito Mussolini began as a Socialist, but switched to extreme Nationalism Spoke boldly about restoring the greatness of Italy (like the days of Rome!) and bringing order to society

Italian Fascism and Mussolini Black Shirts: Fascist supporters who used violence to attack socialist rallies, meetings, publications, farms Intimidation and Terror Tactics 1922: March on Rome Mussolini and Fascists swarmed the capital, and the King Victor Emmanuel III supported him as Prime Minister

Fascist Rule in Italy 1925: Took the title Il Duce (The Leader) Muzzled Press, rigged elections 1929: Support from Pope Parliamentary Monarchy in name but dictatorship in practice Took control over economy, supporting private businesses that helped the state Favored upper class, industrialists Strikes forbidden, wages kept low

Fascist Groups in America Black Legion offshoot of the Klu Klux Klan 135000 members including Detroit Police Chief

Fascist Groups in America Silver Legion of America 15000 members called for a "Christian Commonwealth" that would combine the principles of racism, nationalism, and theocracy

Fascist Groups in America German American Bund 10000 members supportive of the Nazi party in Germany but stressed their Americanness

Fascist Groups in America German American Bund 10000 members supportive of the Nazi party in Germany but stressed their Americanness

Fascist Rule in Italy Work together in your assigned groups to examine the documents and discuss and answer the questions together. You will be assessed according to the group practices component of your rubric. Use the summary questions to connect everything you have learned today into your response.