4/2 Objective: Explain the steps and key players in transcription.

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Presentation transcript:

4/2 Objective: Explain the steps and key players in transcription. DMA: The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their____________?

Transcription

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Monomer- nucleotide Nucleotide has 3 parts: phosphate, ribose, base Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and URACIL Uracil is used instead of thymine in RNA

Three kinds of RNA: 1. mRNA – messenger RNA (used in transcription and translation) 2. tRNA – transfer RNA (used in translation) 3. rRNA – ribosomal RNA (folds into a ribosome)

Central Dogma of Biology Genetic information flow in one direction DNA to RNA to Proteins 1. DNA replication 2. Transcription (DNA to RNA) 3. Translation (RNA to protein)

Central Dogma

Transcription - The process of using DNA to make RNA. -Takes place in the nucleus. - Only copies one gene at a time.

Where does Transcription take place in the cell?

Key enzymes in transcription: RNA polymerases- enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule.

Transcription Steps Initiation: A. RNA polymerase finds the Promoter region (start site of the gene) B. RNA polymerase joins with other proteins to form the transcription complex C. The transcription complex unwinds the DNA double helix

Transcription steps 2. Elongation A. The transcription complex travels down one strand matching RNA nucleotides to the DNA template B. The strand of growing mRNA hangs off of the complex C. DNA zips back up as the complex moves.

How does the base sequence of the RNA transcript being formed compare with the sequence on the template strand?

Transcription Steps 3. Termination: B. Releases the mRNA strand A. RNA polymerase recognizes when it reaches the end of the gene and the Transcription complex falls off. B. Releases the mRNA strand C. DNA zips up, stays intact. D. mRNA is “packaged” for transport out of the nucleus

Results of Transcription: Single-stranded mRNA One gene is transcribed at a time Can be repeated hundreds or thousands of times depending on how much protein is needed.

What happens to the Rna transcript after it separates from the dna?