Fig. 1. Hypothesis: mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes may be a primary cause of adipose tissue inflammation. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity or.

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Fig. 1. Hypothesis: mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes may be a primary cause of adipose tissue inflammation. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity or cellular aging are associated with increased expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), and these cells show reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis. Mitochondrial dysfunction may trigger necroptosis in adipocytes or increase monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production, which initiates adipose tissue inflammation by attracting macrophages into adipose tissue. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes decreases synthesis of adiponectin, a well-known AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. Reduced AMPK activation in macrophages may increase M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes may increase adipose tissue inflammation with increased M1/M2 polarization through a decrease in adiponectin synthesis. Fig. 1. Hypothesis: mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes may be a primary cause of adipose tissue inflammation. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obesity or cellular aging are associated with increased expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), and these… Diabetes Metab J. 2019 Jun;43(3):247-256. https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0221