Alcohol Intake More than Doubles the Risk of Early Cardiovascular Events in Young Hypertensive Smokers Paolo Palatini, MD, Claudio Fania, MD, Lucio Mos,

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Alcohol Intake More than Doubles the Risk of Early Cardiovascular Events in Young Hypertensive Smokers Paolo Palatini, MD, Claudio Fania, MD, Lucio Mos, MD, Adriano Mazzer, MD, Francesca Saladini, MD, Edoardo Casiglia, MD The American Journal of Medicine Volume 130, Issue 8, Pages 967-974.e1 (August 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.02.041 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Rate of major adverse cardiovascular and renal events (n = 74) during a 12.6-year follow-up in 1204 HARVEST participants by smoking and alcohol category. In the right panel (smoking × alcohol), participants are stratified by smoking and alcohol combined. The American Journal of Medicine 2017 130, 967-974.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Survival curves for risk of major adverse cardiovascular and renal events (n = 74) during a 12.6-year follow-up in 1204 HARVEST participants grouped according to smoking and alcohol consumption. The risk was calculated from a multivariable Cox regression including baseline variables (age, sex, body mass index, parental history for cardiovascular disease, coffee use, physical activity habits, serum glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and mean 24-h systolic and diastolic blood pressures). Smoking category: 0 = nonsmokers; 1 = 1-5 cigarettes/day; 2 = 6-10 cigarettes/day; 3 = >10 cigarettes/day. Alcohol category: 0 = nondrinkers; 1 = <50 g/day; 2 = ≥50 g/day. The American Journal of Medicine 2017 130, 967-974.e1DOI: (10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.02.041) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions