Approximation For Parents: Weight X Speed = Restraining Force Crash Forces Approximation For Parents: Weight X Speed = Restraining Force Crash Dynamics - 5

Frontal Crashes Most frequent type, but not necessarily most severe Common injuries to unrestrained occupants: Fractures of the skull, spine, & ribs Cuts and bruises to the head & face Injuries to larynx, liver, & spleen Crash Dynamics - 8

5 Ways Restraints Prevent Injury: 1. Prevent ejection 2. Contact the strongest parts of the body 3. Spread forces over a wide area of the body 4. Help the body to “ride down” the crash 5. Protect the head and spinal cord Crash Dynamics - 13

Location in Vehicle Safest location considerations: Front or back seat? Back seat is best for all children Center rear is safest Sometimes front seat is a better option Never place rear facing infant in front of active air bag Correct Installation - 11

Tight Safety Belt Tightly securing the CRS Install as tightly as possible with reasonable force Pull CRS at belt path CRS should not move side to side or forward more than 1” Parent must be able to repeat installation Correct Installation - 21

If Standard Locking Latch Plate Doesn't Stay Locked Unbuckle and flip NEVER use a locking clip on system that doesn't have a retractor! Correct Installation - 27

Using a Belt-Shortening Clip Route belt through correct belt path and buckle Push down on CRS, pull belt out of retractor to end Make loop of excess webbing Thread clip on webbing and double-back to keep from slipping Re-buckle and test for tightness Correct Installation - 37

School Bus Safety Issues Safer than cars Only .2 percent of fatal crashes Occupant protection features: Compartmentalization Safety belts: required on small buses Installed on all new buses in some states Requirements for use varies Other Vehicles - 8