Left: Baseline brain white and gray matter uptake rates of [18F]-FTHA (A) and [11C]-palmitate (B). Left: Baseline brain white and gray matter uptake rates.

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Left: Baseline brain white and gray matter uptake rates of [18F]-FTHA (A) and [11C]-palmitate (B). Left: Baseline brain white and gray matter uptake rates of [18F]-FTHA (A) and [11C]-palmitate (B). P values were calculated using Student t test. *P value of 0.01; **P value of 0.0006. NS, not significant. White bars, healthy; black bars, MS. Right: Transaxial, coronal, and sagittal sections of group-wise [18F]-FTHA-PET and [11C]-palmitate-PET images of the brain in healthy controls (A and C) and MS patients (B and D). A: [18F]-FTHA-PET healthy control. B: [18F]-FTHA PET MS. C: [11C]-palmitate-PET healthy control. D: [11C]-palmitate-PET MS. Images represent average spatially normalized uptake images, and the scale is mmol/(100g × min). In the PET images, the highest activity is shown in red as an index of tracer accumulation. The difference between [18F]-FTHA and [11C]-palmitate is that [18F]-FTHA is metabolically trapped whereas [11C]-palmitate is not. Higher activity of [18F]-FTHA reflects the accumulation of the tracer in the brain tissue. (A high-quality digital representation of this figure is available in the online issue.)‏ Anna Karmi et al. Diabetes 2010;59:2171-2177 ©2010 by American Diabetes Association