A simple way for all ethical dilemmas Considering the ethical problem and decision-making Dr Ramesh Mehay, www.bradfordvts.co.uk

Ethical problems Deontological (individuals) Ethical dilemmas usually present a conflict in terms of the individual patient’s rights (deontology) versus doing the ‘greatest good’ for society (utility). In one ethical scenario, you may feel more utilitarian than deontological and vice versa in another! Deontological (individuals) doing the right thing for the individual based on the duties of the doctor and the rights of the patient (and, of course, vice versa). That every patient is an individual human and every human has an equal human right irrespective of differences. Utilitarianism/Utility (populations) doing the right thing for the population examines moral dilemmas to make decisions based on outcomes; i.e. “the greatest good for the greatest number”

Ethical solutions: ABCDEF Autonomy Respect the patient’s right to determine their own destiny Every person is equal to each other – irrespective of differences. Beneficence “above all, do no harm” (non-maleficence) “do good where possible” (beneficence) Confidentiality & Consent May need contextual consideration Do not lie Be truthful and honest Don’t lie on the behalf of others Everybody else (i.e. Society) Principle of Utilitarianism Weigh up: doing the greatest good for the greatest number vs individual patient’s right. Fair Be fair (justice) Do the right thing (Aristotle’s principle of morality)