Enlightened Thinkers Montesquieu John Locke Voltaire Rousseau

Thomas _______ Wrote “Lev____” 1651, is his masterpiece The _______ needs to control_________. __________ power for a leader is needed Absolute materialism; _____ was all that existed "The life of man is nasty, brutish, and short". Hobbes wanted a tightly ordered society, ruled by ____ and _______.

John ______(1632-1704) Two _______ on Government 1690 __________ the divine rights of kings _________of government—PROTECTION of NATURAL RIGHTS Life Liberty—free choice Property—own property

Locke _________ can be land, _______, anything that enables you to sustain life. Every _______ has these rights. Unalienable Rights—you can not give them up. No _______ or ________ can take them away—safety in numbers

Create a new ___________ If government does not protect your rights or becomes corrupt prosperity _______________ security persecution _______ create societies for mutual protection—make sure we get natural rights. Right of ___________ destroy existing government Society is a human creation Create a new ___________

BARON DE _________ (1689-1755) Spirit of the Law—1748 believed that all things were made up of rules or laws that never changed. best governments have power balanced among three groups of officials. (__________ ___ ___________) His ideas about separation of powers became the basis for the United States _____________. Local gov’t over ________ gov’t "In republican governments, men are all equal; equal they are also in despotic governments: in the former, because they are everything; in the latter, because they are nothing."

Jean-Jacques _______ 1712-78 __________ ________—1763 For Rousseau the Social Contract is the basic ____ of __________. Liberty is obedience to the law you have accepted The people are the source of legitimate ________. The social contract was______between ___________ and people, but between _________ themselves. his aim was to create a more virtuous human being. (General Will),

Cesare __________ (1738-1794) An Essay on Crimes and Punishments (1764) He applied __________ ideals to crime and ___________. Government & ________ should be ________ Criminal justice system Innocent until proven ________. Gov’t cannot make you _______ against yourself. Limitation of _______ and ________. Right to a _______ trial. Trial by a jury of __________. ______________ should fit the crime

Mary __________ Men believed that woman needed to educated to become a better _____ and _________. Built on Mary Astell’s idea of freedom for women and woman’s education. Astell “If all men are born _____, how is it that all women born _______?” Wollstonecraft encouraged women to enter male dominated fields of medicine and politics.

AMERICA Enlightened ideas determined who or what America would become. Our ________ of _________ & ____________ are enlightened documents The End