Fig. 2. Effect of substrate orientation on growth rate of midwater tadpoles with different oral configurations. Effect of substrate orientation on growth.

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Fig. 2. Effect of substrate orientation on growth rate of midwater tadpoles with different oral configurations. Effect of substrate orientation on growth rate of midwater tadpoles with different oral configurations. The legend for species applies to both graphs. (A) Relative mass versus percentage of food consumed by substrate angles (two-way ANCOVA). Solid and dashed lines represent significant regression lines between relative mass and food consumption by treatment. The probability values (P) of this relationship and the number of tadpoles tested (n) are presented in respective colors to each species in the panels. Symbols (circles, triangles and squares) represent each individual. (B) Relative size versus percentage of food consumed by orientation of the surfaces (two-way ANOVA). Symbols represent mean values and bars indicate standard error. The orientation of the substrates affects not only the ability of tadpoles to feed, but also their growth rates. Note that some species were specialists and had higher growth rates depending on the substrate orientation. Tadpoles of D. minutus were generalists and presented a higher increase in relative mass despite the angle of substrate (A, interaction effect between species and substrate orientations, two-way ANCOVA, P<0.001). However, this species had the least increase in body size (but a high increase in tail length). See Results for more details. Fabiane Santana Annibale et al. Biology Open 2019;8:bio037598 © 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd