The State of the Great Western Powers Jigsaw Activity

England Political Social Economic Militaristic Foreign Relations Long-term/stable government (David Lloyd George) Large expensive/diverse empire Social Growing Middle Class Unified population (with the exception of Ireland) Economic Industrialized Militaristic Small volunteer army Strong navy Foreign Relations Feared Russian expansion

France Political Social Economic Militaristic Foreign Relations Large colonial Empire (Georges Clemenceau) Social Small population Nationalistic (since the French Revolution) Economic Profitable/productive agricultural sector Militaristic Small army Strict mobilization plans Foreign Relations Disliked the Germans

Russia Political Social Economic Militaristic Foreign Relations Absolute rulers opposed reforms (Czar Nicholas II) State-sponsored nationalism (Russification) Social Diverse population (included large Jewish population) Gap b/t rich & poor Economic Growing industry Militaristic Underfunded/underequipped army Lost Russ0-Japanese War in 1905 Foreign Relations Felt entitled to Slavic Ottoman territories

Austria-Hungary Political Social Foreign Relations Conservative Monarchy (Franz Ferdinand) Social Numerous ethnic groups Foreign Relations Feared independence movements in the Balkans

Germany Political Social Economic Militaristic Foreign Relations Imperialistic monarchy (Kaiser Wilhelm II) Social Socialist Nationalistic (pride in military/industry) Economic Heavily industrialized Militaristic Most powerful army in Europe Strict mobilization plans Foreign Relations Loose alliances with Russia and Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire Political Social Economic Militaristic Experienced rapid territory losses 1909, “Young Turks” (reformers) overthrew Sultan Social Nationalist Turkish identity (Turkification) Economic Weak industrialization Militaristic Controlled strategic land-holdings Tried to imitate German militarization Foreign Relations Other nations sought to capitalize on its disintegration

United States Political Social Economic Military Alliances Stable & isolated (Woodrow Wilson) Social Growing middle-class Economic Strong Industrial sector Military Modernized and organized army Alliances Strong trade relationship w/ British and French