Los mandatos Afirmativos: formales y plurales

Tipos de mandatos There are two different types of commands, formal commands and informal commands. Informal commands are for people you know well (tú). Formal commands are for people that you don’t know very well (usted). For each type of command there are affirmative (telling someone TO do something) and negative commands (telling someone NOT to do something), both using separate rules.

Formal Commands Formal commands are for people you don’t know well. The Spanish subjects that are used for these commands are: Usted- giving a command to one person Ustedes- giving a command to two people or more

Affirmative Formal Commands used for usted only There are three steps to remember how to form formal affirmative commands: Conjugate for yo (present tense) Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e -er/ir a Verb: Nadar –to swim Subject: Usted Command: (you) (formal) Swim! Nado Nad ¡Nade! Ejemplo: Comer- to eat Subject: Usted Command: (you) (formal) Eat! Como Com ¡Coma! Por ejemplo:

Plural Affirmative Commands Telling more than one person BOTH informal (a group of friends/peers/students) and formal (a group of persons of authority) to do something. Add the letter –n to the singular formal command to make the plural command. Ejemplo: Escribir Command: (you all) Write! Escribo (yo form) Escrib (drop o) Escriba (add ‘a’ to –er and –ir verbs) ¡Escriban! (add n if addressing multiple people)

-car, -gar, -zar rules still in effect Los irregulares A few verbs have irregular formal and plural commands: Dar -> (Usted) dé -> (ustedes) den Estar-> (Usted) esté -> (ustedes) estén Ir -> (Usted) vaya -> (ustedes) vayan Saber-> (Usted) sepa -> (ustedes) sepan Ser-> (Usted) sea -> (ustedes) sean -car, -gar, -zar rules still in effect -car -> qu -gar -> gu -zar -> c

Negative Formal Commands The first three steps are the same as affirmative commands but with one simple step added at the end Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an 4. Place no before the verb Example: Verb: Bailar –to dance Subject: Ustedes Bailo Bail Bailen ¡No bailen!

Negative Informal Commands The same steps that are for affirmative are very similar for the negative: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add these endings: -ares -er/iras 4. Place no in front of the verb Example: Verd: Caminar –to walk Subject: Tú Camino Camin Camines ¡No Camines!

Commands with Pronouns There are two different types of pronouns that our Spanish II class uses, Direct Object Pronouns and Reflexive pronouns. Both have VERY similar steps to follow with the formal and informal commands.

Reflexive Pronouns Reflexive pronouns are used to say a verb acts on the subject. Example: I hit myself. Bill hit himself. They hit themselves. The verb acts on all of the subjects.

Reflexive Pronouns Yo Me Nos Nosotros Tú Te Os Vosotros Usted Se Se Ustedes Él Se Se Ellos Ella Se Se Ellas Example: -I shower are 5:30. Yo me ducho a las cinco y media. -We dress at 8:00. Nostoros nos vestimos a las ocho.

Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands Affirmative The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an 4. Add the reflexive pronoun “se” to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Example: Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Usted Duermo 4. Duermase Duerm 5. ¡Duérmase! Duerma

Reflexive Pronouns with Formal Commands Negative The first three steps are the same: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an Put no and se in front of the verb Example: Verb: Ducharse –to take a shower Subject: Usted Ducho 4. ¡No se duchen! Duch Duchen

Reflexive Pronouns with Informal Commands Affirmative The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the third person ending -ar a -er/ir e 4. Add the reflexive pronoun “te” to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Example: Verb: Dormirse –to sleep Subject: Tú Duermo 4. Duermete Duerm 5. ¡Duérmete! Duerme

Reflexive Pronouns with Informal Commands Negative The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the third person ending -ar as -er/ir es 4. Put no and te in front of the verb Example: Verb: afeitarse –to shave Subject: Tú Afeito 4. ¡No te afeitas! Afeit Afeita

Direct Object Pronouns Direct object pronouns are used to take the place of things. The object is directly affected by the verb. These are the direct object pronouns: It Them lo los la las These always come before the conjugated verb or attaches to the infinitive. Example: -We read the books. Nosotros los leemos -She listens to music. Ella la escucha.

Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands Affirmative The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an 4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Example: Verb: Lavar –to wash (Wash it) Subject: Usted Lavo 4. Lavalo Lav 5. ¡Lávalo! Lava

Direct Object Pronouns with Formal Commands Negative The first three steps are the same: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an Put no and the direct object in front of the verb Example: Verb: Beber –to drink (Drink it) Subject: Ustedes Bebo 4. ¡No lo beban! Beb Beban

Direct Object with Informal Commands Affirmative The first three steps are the same with a few twists at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the third person ending -ar a -er/ir e 4. Add the direct object pronoun to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Example: Verb: Comer-to eat (Eat them) Subject: Tú Como 4. Comalos Com 5. ¡Cómalos! Coma

Direct Object Pronouns with Informal Commands Negative The first three steps are the same with a few changes at the end: Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the third person ending -ar as -er/ir es 4. Put no and the direct object in front of the verb Example: Verb: Cerrar –to close (Don’t close it) Subject: Tú Cerro 4. ¡No lo cerras! Cerr Cerra

Review Formal Commands Informal Commands Affirmative Affirmative Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending -ar  e, en -er/ir a,an 4. Add the pronoun to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Negative 4. Place no and the pronoun before the verb Affirmative Conjugate for yo Drop the “o” Add the third person ending -ar a -er/ir e 4. Add the pronoun to the end 5. Add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable from the end Negative Add these endings: -ares -er/iras 4. Place no and the pronun before the verb

Quiz: Use direct objects or reflexive pronouns with commands to write sentences.

1. Tell your best friend to brush their teeth.(cepillarse los dientes) ¡Cepíllate los dientes!

2. Tell your brother to wash the dishes. (lavar los platos) ¡Lávalos!

3. Tell your teacher not to sleep in class.(dormirse en clase) ¡No se duerma en clase!

4. Tell your parents friends to sit down. (sentarse) ¡Siéntense!

5. Tell the stranger not to take the taxi. (tomar el taxi) ¡No lo tome!

The End