Binding and entry of RSV into the host cell.

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Binding and entry of RSV into the host cell. Binding and entry of RSV into the host cell. Candidate receptors of RSV (A) such as TLR4, CX3CR1, and HSPG (B) bind to the RSV-G glycoprotein and act to tether the virus particle to the cell surface. Cell surface nucleolin may also be involved in the entry process (C) by triggering fusion of the virus and host cell membranes by binding to the RSV-F fusion glycoprotein (D). The virion fuses with the cell membrane and enters the cell, one of the last events of virus entry that must take place for successful replication of RSV in the host cell (E). Host cell macropinocytosis of RSV is also a route of entry for RSV (F). It is unclear which receptors are involved in this process (G). Internalization of the virion (H) is dependent on actin rearrangement, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, and host cell (I) early endosomal Rab5+ vesicles where proteolytic cleavage of the RSV-F protein triggers delivery of the capsid contents into the host cells by fusion of the virus and endosomal membranes (J). Cameron Griffiths et al. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2017; doi:10.1128/CMR.00010-16