A.P. Chemistry Final Exam Review

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Presentation transcript:

A.P. Chemistry Final Exam Review Structure of the Final Exam: 48 Multiple Choice Questions 2 Free Response Questions (One on Equilibrium Concepts the other on Equation Writing [choosing 5 of 8 reactions]) The following concepts will be emphasized on the A.P. Chemistry Final: Atomic Structure (orbitals and periodic trends) Bonding (especially properties that result from the particular type of bond) Lewis Structures (localized electron model, geometries, hybridization) Writing Chemical Formulas; Balancing Reactions; Stoichiometry Solution Concepts ( solution making, concentration terms, colligative properties) Gas Laws Reaction Kinetics (rate laws, method of initial rates, mechanisms) Equilibrium Concepts (K values and LCP) Acids and Bases (Buffers and Titrations) Thermodynamics (DH, DS, DG… calculations and interpretation) Redox Reactions (oxidation states, redox process) Electrochemistry (Galvanic and Electrolytic Cells)

A.P. Chemistry Final Exam Practice: Equation Writing Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for FIVE of the following chemical reactions. Each of the reactions occurs in aqueous solution unless otherwise indicated. Represent substances in solution as ions if the substance is extensively ionized. Omit formulas for any ions or molecules that are unchanged by the reaction. In all cases a reaction occurs. You need not balance. (a) Solid calcium chlorate is strongly heated. (b) A strip of magnesium metal is placed in a solution of iron (II) chloride. (c) Solutions of lead (II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed. (d) Excess concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of nickel (II) nitrate. (e) Solid ammonium chloride is added to a solution of potassium hydroxide. (f) Propanol is burned in air. (g) A strip of aluminum foil is placed in liquid bromine. (h) Diphosphorous pentoxide is added to water. Answers on next slide…

a.) Ca(ClO3)2  CaCl2 + O2 b.) Mg + Fe2+  Mg2+ + Fe c.) Pb2+ + OH-  Pb(OH)2 d.) Cl- + Ni2+  NiCl42- e.) NH4Cl + OH-  NH3 + H2O + Cl- f.) C3H7OH + O2  CO2 + H2O g.) Al + Br2  AlBr3 h.) P2O5 + H2O  H3PO4