LOUIS XIV "THE SUN KING"

DUKE OF SULLY (1560 – 1641) Henry IV’s Finance Minister Converted to Catholicism and Passed the Edict of Nantes DUKE OF SULLY (1560 – 1641) Henry IV’s Finance Minister Eliminated inefficiency and corruption Still a heavy tax burden on bourgeoisie, peasantry and working class Reduced nobilities influence in Local affairs Sent Royal officials

Son of Henry IV – 10 years old when he became King Marie de Medicis – acted as regent and dismissed Sully – Leaving France with no strong leadership Cardinal Richelieu (1585 – 1642) Continued Sully’s policy – to reassert royal control over the nobility Destroyed privileges of Huguenots 30 Years’ War – increased power of France in Europe.

Cardinal Richelieu

LOUIS XIV

Louis XIV on Apollo’s chariot "THE SUN KING"

Cardinal Mazarin (1602 – 1661) – took over when Rechelieu died 1648-1653 (slang for “slingshot” – used by the boys in the streets of Paris)

The Fronde (1648 - 1653) Series of rebellions against royal power – lead by the nobles and the townspeople WHY???? Authority had been undermined by the Royal Officials Represented a threat to the crown’s power Ultimately served to strengthen the crown’s power The disorder it created showed the people the need for a strong monarchy

Cardinal Mazarin (1602 – 1661) – took over when Rechelieu died 1648-1653 (slang for “slingshot” – used by the boys in the streets of Paris) Began at Mazarin’s death “L’etat, c’est moi” – “I am the state” Absolute power “lettre de cache” – authorized imprisonment or exile without trial 1660 –Married Marie Therese – political

Louis XIV's Personal Reign cont... To limit power of nobility he appointed more middle class Selling the titles – “nobles of the robe” they undermined “nobility of the sword” Versailles – King’s residence and center of government Cost a great deal of money

Jean-Baptiste Colbert Controlled finances under Louis XIV Expanded government role in the economy Encouraged industry Built roads and canals Nobility and clergy stayed tax exempt tax burden remained on peasants and lower middle class Inadequacy of financial system was a major weak spot

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Religious Policies - Louis XIV GALLICANISM Louis XIV exercised administrative control over the church in France REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES Louis XIV believed in Religious unity 200,000 Huguenots fled causing economic problems – France was deprived of their knowledge and skills

WARS OF LOUIS XIV THE WAR OF DEVOLUTION (1667-1668) France was awarded several towns on the border of the Spanish Netherlands THE DUTCH WAR (1672 – 1678) France gained several additional towns along the border of the Spanish Netherlands THE WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG (9 YEARS’ WAR) – (1688 – 1697) France lost most of its prior gains, but kept Alsace

The War of Spanish Succession (1701 - 1714) Louis XIV – claimed his grandson Philip of Anjou was heir to the Spanish throne Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold challenged – claiming the throne was for his son Charles England, Holland & Holy Roman Emperor joined forces against France

Treaty of Baden & Rastatt (1714) Philip of Anjou became King Philip V of Spain Neither he nor his successors could occupy the French throne France lost a number of colonies in the New World, but kept Quebec

1715