PAST SIMPLE by Petra Halfarová

Minulý čas prostý by Petra Halfarová PAST SIMPLE Minulý čas prostý by Petra Halfarová

regular verbs (minulý tvar pravidelných sloves) What is the past tense of these regular verbs? work stop look plan want prefer live study decide try use play

- ed we form the past tense by adding -ed work worked look looked want wanted start started

- d if a verb ends in „-e“ we only add - d live lived decide decided use used like liked

short verbs ending C (consonant) V (vowel) C (consonant) with a stress on the last syllable double the last consonant and add –ed stop stopped plan planned prefer preferred log in / out logged in / out

if the verb ends with – y and before –y there’s a C (consonant), “y” changes into “i” + -ed … y i + ed study studied try tried worry worried carry carried reply replied marry married fry fried empty emptied cry cried copy copied

if the verb ends in – y and there’s a vowel before it, we add –ed only play played annoy annoyed enjoy enjoyed employ employed pray prayed stay stayed x-ray x-rayed

Pronunciation want wanted /wɒntɪd / start started /stɑːtId/ if the sound of the verb in present ends with –t or – d, we pronounce the past form /id/ want wanted /wɒntɪd / start started /stɑːtId/ decide decided  /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/

Irregular verbs have had buy bought make made think thought English has about 600 irregular verbs – that means that these verbs don’t take –ed in past form, but have a special form there’s a list of the most used ones in your textbook have had buy bought make made think thought put put give gave

Positive sentences the form is the same for all persons I swam we swam you swam you swam he swam they swam she swam it swam

Examples of positive sentences. We swam in the river yesterday. She drove all the way home. Mick saw the accident. They decided to move to Vienna. I went to the cinema on Monday. The shop closed at 8 pm last night. He studied Biology at university. The computer broke down.

Negative sentences I didn’t swim we didn’t swim the form is the same for all persons we make the past negative by an auxiliary verb (DID) + negative (NOT) + the main verb in the basic form I didn’t swim we didn’t swim you didn’t swim you didn’t swim he didn’t swim they didn’t swim she didn’t swim it didn’t swim

Examples of negative sentences I didn’t believe him. She didn’t go to school last week. Lenny didn’t eat the sandwich. We didn’t want to go there. It didn’t rain on Sunday. They didn’t know the answer. Mr. and Mrs. Thorn didn’t arrive on time. The students didn’t pass the test.

Questions Did I swim….? Did we swim…? Did you swim….? Did you swim…? the form is the same for all persons we make a question, by using an auxiliary verb (DID) and a main verb in the basic form Did I swim….? Did we swim…? Did you swim….? Did you swim…? Did he swim…? Did they swim…? Did she swim…? Did it swim…?

Wh- questions Where did you live? Why did she come late? How far did you walk? When did you get up this morning? Who did they see there? How many people did they employ last year? How often did your parents visit you in hospital? What did he say?

Short answers We use short answers to answer Yes / No questions. We only use the auxiliary verb. Did you see her? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. Did they answer? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t. Did it snow? Yes, it did. / No, it didn’t. Did I really say that? Yes, you did. / No, you didn’t. Did you close the door? Yes, mum, we did.