3rd lecture Dr Fitua Al-Saedi

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
A NTHRAX Primal Sudjana. Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, , ,000 cases estimated globally/year
Advertisements

BW Agents: Anthrax J.A. Sliman, MD, MPH LCDR MC(FS) USN Preventive Medicine Resident Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS  CDC has prioritized them in Lists A - C  A List:  Easily transmitted/disseminated  High mortality rate  Potential for public panic.
Escherichia coli.
Corynebacterium & Bacillus - Microscopic appearance - Colonial morphology.
Gram-Positive Bacilli Part One
Bacillus  ~ 60 species; Gram-positive or Gram-variable bacilli Large (0.5 x 1.2 to 2.5 x 10 um) Most are saprophytic contaminants or normal flora Bacillus.
ANTHRAX By: Justin Tursellino. Anthrax is a…. Anthrax is an infection caused by a bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. The infection can take three forms depending.
II MBBS Dr Ekta Chourasia Microbiology
Bacillus anthracis (anthrax infection) Considered to be a zoonotic disease. Morphology: Gram stain Spor stain: Habitat: :is a major pathogen of animal.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides for M ICROBIOLOGY Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacilli (Bacillus)
Gram negative rods VibrionaceaeVibrio. General charcters of Vibrionaceae Gram negative, curved, comma shaped bacilli Motile by single polar flagella Non.
Classification of Gram-Positive
Diagnostic microbiology lecture: 11 Gram Positive, Endospore-Forming Bacilli THE GENUS BACILLUS Abed ElKader Elottol MSc. Microbiology 2010 Diagnostic.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides for M ICROBIOLOGY Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacilli (Bacillus)
Anthrax Sung Chul Hwang, M.D. Dept. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Ajou University School of Medicine.
Gram-Positive Bacilli: Spore-formers
Bacillus anthracis Amanda Russell Anna Bossert. Taxonomy Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Firmicutes Class: Bacilli Order: Bacillales Family: Bacillaceae Genus:
Spore-forming gram-positive bacilli
39187n n n
Spore-forming gram-positive bacilli Bacillus (Aerobic) B. antheracis, B.cereus, B. subtilis Clostridum (Anaerobic) C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. perfringens,
Gram-Positive Bacilli Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan University of Jordan.
Anthrax March 23 rd, Bacterial pathogens in soil Many bacteria are natural residents of the soil Some are pathogens Some are zoonoses For the most.
By: Brittany Horan Large, aerobic, gram-positive, non- motile, encapsulated, chain forming, rod shaped that form oval spores. It is a bacterium of the.
Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
The Gram’s positive spore former aerobic bacilli The genus Bacillus Microscopic characteristics: Gram-positive spore-forming, non-motile, aerobic large.
Gram positive Bacilli.
Bacillus B. anthracis: anthrax of the animals and humans. B. cereus: food poisoning; opportunistic infections. Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Large.
The Jordan University-Faculty of Medicine Gram-Positive Bacilli
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY -1I PHT 313 Dr. Rasheeda Hamid Abdalla Assistant Professor tmail.com.
Bacillus D.
Bacillus SaprophyticB.cereusB.subtilisB.megateriumB.CirculansPathogenicB.anthracis.
About the disease. The causing Bacteria. The Bacteria (images) The discoverer. Robert and Louis. Spreading of the disease. The first Vaccination The Sufferers.
Endo Spore Gram positive rods
Foundations in Microbiology Seventh Edition
Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli
Anthrax Human anthrax is typically an ulcerative sore on an exposed part of the body. Constitutional symptoms are minimal, and the ulcer usually resolves.
Gram +, large rodoxidase - endosporecatalase + mostly motileoxidative/ fermentative aerobic Habitat widely distributed in the environment because they.
Pathogenic Bacteria 3.
Chapter 13 Zoonotic bacteria
Vibrio cholerae Vibrio is one of the most common bacteria in surface waters worldwide. They are curved aerobic rods and are motile, by polar flagellum.
Pathology 417 – Case 1: Microbiology Laboratory
Dr. Ban sahib abed al-nabi zoonotic disease unit post graduate lecture
Lec.1 Genus: staphylococcus
Pseudomonas د.وليد خالد سعدون.
Foodborne Illness Review
Bacillus Balsam Miri.
Bacillus sp Basmah almaarik #Lab 9.
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases
Bacillus , Clostridium &
STREPTOCOCCI By Eric S. Donkor.
Listeria monocytogenes
Gram-Positive Rods.
SMLS LECTURE SERIES GENUS: CLOSTRIDIUM
Gram-Positive Bacilli
Bacillus anthracis Gram positive rods One chromosome
Order: Pseudomonadales
LECTURE TOPIC: GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI GENUS: BACILLUS Dr. John Ochei
Bacillus anthracis Agent Specific Training
Anthrax Zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
Mustansiriyah University College of science Biology Dept
The World’s Most Famous Bacteria
Mustansiriyah University College of science Biology Dept
Anthrax Briefing Mike Adkins/FPSA 9 Oct 01. Anthrax Briefing Mike Adkins/FPSA 9 Oct 01.
Pathogenic bacteria Level 4: Lab 1:.
General Characters of Bacillus spp Very large Gram positive bacilli ,Arranged in long chains Motile except B. anthracis Spore forming (outside the.
(Bacterial infection)
4th lecture Dr Fitua Al-Saedi
Haemophilus Dr. Salma.
Presentation transcript:

3rd lecture Dr Fitua Al-Saedi Medical Microbiology 3rd lecture Dr Fitua Al-Saedi

Bacillus Species The genus Bacillus includes large aerobic, spore-forming, Gram-positive rods occurring in chains. Most members of this genus are saprophytic organisms prevalent in soil, water, air and on vegetation, such as Bacillus subtilis & B. cereus . Some are insect pathogens, such as B. thuringiensis . This organism is also capable of causing disease in humans. B. cereus can grow in foods and cause food poisoning by producing either an enterotoxin (diarrhea) or an emetic toxin (vomiting). B. anthracis, which causes anthrax, is the principal pathogen of the genus.

Morphology and identification A. Typical Organisms The typical cells, measuring 1 × 3–4 μm, have square ends and are arranged in long chains; spores are located in the center of the bacterial cell.

…..Morphology and identification B. Culture Colonies of B. anthracis are flat or slightly convex with irregular edge and have a ground-glass appearance in transmitted light. Bacillus cereus colonies are large flat and dry. Hemolysis is uncommon with B anthracis but common with B cereus. B. anthracis B. cereus Gelatin is liquefied by B. cereus. B. anthracis growth in gelatin stabs resembles an inverted fir tree.  

C. growth Characteristics The bacilli use simple sources of nitrogen and carbon for energy and growth. The spores are resistant to environmental changes, withstand dry heat and certain chemical disinfectants for moderate periods, and persist for years in dry earth. Animal products contaminated with anthrax spores (eg, hides, bristles, hair, wool, bone) can be sterilized by autoclaving.

Bacillus anthracis Pathogenesis Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores—goats, sheep, cattle, horses, and so on; other animals (eg, rats) are relatively resistant to the infection. In animals, the entry of spores is via mouth and the gastrointestinal tract. Clinical infections in humans, Humans become infected incidentally by contact with infected animals or their products. B anthracis causes three categories of disease in humans depending on the point of entry of the spores: Cutaneous anthrax (95%) : the infection is usually acquired by the entry of spores through injured skin. inhalation anthrax or wool sorters’ disease (5%): inhalation of the spores from the dust of wool, hair, or hides. Gastrointestinal anthrax (rare): the infection is acquired by ingestion of contaminated meat.

Virulence factors The poly-d-glutamic acid capsule is anti-phagocytic. The capsule gene is present on a plasmid, pXO2. Anthrax toxins are made up of three proteins: Protective antigen (PA), Edema factor (EF), Lethal factor (LF). PA binds to specific cell receptors, and after proteolytic activation, it forms a membrane channel that mediates entry of EF and LF into the cell. EF with PA, it forms a toxin known as edema toxin. LF plus PA form lethal toxin, which is a major virulence factor and cause of death in infected animals and humans. The anthrax toxin genes are encoded on plasmid, pXO1.

Cutaneous anthrax infections -1 to 5 days after contact -95% human cases are cutaneous infections -1 to 5 days after contact -Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at inoculation site -Papule develops into hemorrhagic vesicle & ruptures -Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black eschar surrounded by edema Infection may spread to lymphatics . -Septicemia may develop.

Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Specimens to be examined are fluid or pus from a local lesion, blood, pleural fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid in inhalational anthrax associated with sepsis and stool or other intestinal contents in the case of gastrointestinal anthrax.   Stained smears Gram stain show chains of large gram-positive rods Culture When grown on blood agar plates, the organisms produce Non-hemolytic gray to white, tenacious colonies with a rough texture and a ground-glass appearance. Comma-shaped outgrowths (Medusa head, “curled hair”) may project from the colony. In semisolid medium, anthrax bacilli are always non-motile.

…..Diagnostic Laboratory Tests Clinical laboratories that recover large gram-positive rods from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or suspicious skin lesions, which phenotypically match the description of B anthracis as mentioned, should immediately contact their public health laboratory and send the organism for confirmation. Definitive identification requires lysis by a specific anthrax -bacteriophage, Detection of the capsule by fluorescent antibody, identification of toxin genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), - Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA)

Vaccines (AVA BioThrax) In the United States, the current FDA-approved vaccine (AVA BioThrax) is made from the supernatant of a cell free culture of an unencapsulated but toxigenic strain of B. anthracis. Dosage: The dose schedule is 0.5 mL administered intramuscularly at 0, and 4 weeks and then at 6, 12, and 18 months followed by annual boosters. The vaccine is available only to the U.S. Department of Defense and to persons at risk for repeated exposure to B anthracis. Raxibacumab is a human monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis  protective antigen PA

Treatment Ciprofloxacin Penicillin G, along with gentamicin or streptomycin.  

Produces emetic toxin and enterotoxins. Bacillus cereus Produces emetic toxin and enterotoxins. Food poisoning caused by B cereus has two distinct forms, Emetic type, which is associated with fried rice. nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and occasionally diarrhea Incubation period 1–5 hours. Diarrheal type, which is associated with meat dishes and sauces. Incubation period of 1–24 hours diarrhea with abdominal pain and cramps; fever and vomiting are uncommon. Eye infections, Endocarditis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, and pneumonia.

Treatment Vancomycin or Clindamycin with or without an aminoglycoside.

Differences between B. anthracis and B. cereus