Elements of an Argument

What should an argumentative essay include? A strong argument should convince the reader that the writer is reasonable and fair It must have a claim that is debatable. Are there two sides to the argument presented in the claim? Does the writer use ethos, pathos and logos in his or her argument? Is the evidence clearly and thoroughly explained? Does it tie back to the claim? Has the writer addressed the other side of the argument and stated how the opposing viewpoint can be refuted? Does the conclusion include a call to action? TELL your reader what you want them to do.

Claim The claim is a statement of a position or opinion about a topic; What the WHOLE paper is about All evidence must support the claim Usually the last sentence in the introductory paragraph Hook Bridge One paragraph Claim

Evidence Facts or reasoning offered to support a position as being true Use ethos, logos and pathos in your evidence Make it clear and convincing State your evidence convincingly – NO fence sitting Evidence should be in your body paragraphs. It does not go in the Introduction, nor in the conclusion.

Counter-argument or opposing argument: Reasoning or facts given in opposition to an argument What the OTHER side says or believes Acknowledging the other side’s concerns build ethos – it tells your audience that you are reasonable and fair Structure for counter-argument: Start with: Some may say _________________ Ex: Some may say that dogs make the best pets;

Rebuttal The rebuttal tells why your side of the argument is better or right Comes after the counter-argument It MUST address the counter-argument Usually in the second body paragraph but could be in the third body paragraph Start with a transition that shows contrast – however, on the other hand… (counter-argument) (rebuttal) Ex: Some may say that dogs make the best pets; however, cats require less care and they do not bark.

Call to Action or Call to Agreement Tells readers what you want them to do It is usually the last sentence of the conclusion It should leave an impact on your reader Example: Everyone who is thinking of adding a pet to his family should adopt one the loving dogs or cats at the local animal shelter. Make a trip to the nearest animal shelter this weekend and gain a new best friend.