Causes of AKI. The causes of AKI are nonexclusive.

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Causes of AKI. The causes of AKI are nonexclusive. Causes of AKI. The causes of AKI are nonexclusive. Intravascular fluid losses included hemorrhage, burns, and hypovolemia due to other causes. Increased vascular capacity included sepsis and other causes. Extracorporeal fluid losses included vomiting, diarrhea, and diabetes insipidus, while vascular causes included artery/vein thrombosis, emboli, or trauma. P values for the difference between developed and emerging countries for each cause of AKI are, respectively, as follows: prerenal, P<0.001; intravascular fluid losses, P=0.004; sepsis, P<0.001; cardiac failure, P<0.001; liver diseases, P=0.06; extracorporeal fluid losses, P=0.02; acute tubular necrosis, P<0.001; multisystemic, P<0.01; contrast-induced, P=0.03; interstitial nephritis, P<0.001; GN, P<0.001; obstruction, P=0.003; vascular, P=0.31. With the Bonferroni correction, P≤0.004 represents a significant difference. Other causes were unknown or undetermined. Josée Bouchard et al. CJASN 2015;10:1324-1331 ©2015 by American Society of Nephrology