Pre-Revolutionary Society Long Term Causes Short Term Causes Aftermath French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Long Term Causes Short Term Causes Aftermath

Pre-Revolutionary Society Professional people, peasants and laborers French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Clergy Nobles Professional people, peasants and laborers

Pre-Revolutionary Society Professional people, peasants and laborers French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Clergy Nobles Professional people, peasants and laborers First Estate Second Estate Third Estate

Pre-Revolutionary Society Professional people, peasants and laborers French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Clergy Nobles Professional people, peasants and laborers First Estate Second Estate Third Estate Largest part of population paid greatest % in taxes Smallest part of the population least % in taxes

Pre-Revolutionary Society Land Ownership French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Land Ownership 10% 20% 70%

Pre-Revolutionary Society Land Ownership French Revolution Pre-Revolutionary Society Land Ownership 10% 20% 70% 3rd Estate 1st Estate 2nd Estate

French Revolution Long Term Causes King Louis XVI --ruled from 1774 to 1792 --weak and indecisive, lacked self-confidence Upf.edu

French Revolution Long Term Causes Economy --Controller General Jacques Turgot believed in the Enlightenment philosophy of laissez-faire. --removed restrictions on grain and abolished the guilds --didn’t have the peasants work on the royal roads, no corvee labor.

French Revolution Long Term Causes Deficit Financing --Variation on taxation from town to town --Exceptions for privileged groups --Taxes paid on commercial activity by consumers

French Revolution Unjust Legal System --The king could imprison anyone for any reason for any period of time --A person could remain in jail without trial

War --French and Indian War --American Revolution French Revolution War --French and Indian War --American Revolution

French Revolution Estates General King Louis XVI (ruled 1774-1792) Needs to raise money to support The government

He calls together the first session of the Estates General French Revolution Estates General How does he do it? He calls together the first session of the Estates General since 175 years in May 1789.

Estates General

French Revolution Estates General How were the delegates selected? The king invites citizens to meet and elect delegates in their local parishes to district local assemblies and to draft petitions (cahiers) views.

French Revolution Estates General What did these Cahiers say? Most spoke of local ills, high taxes. Very few spoke of natural rights or sovereignty. Some demanded a constitution, feudalism and regional privileges abolished.

Each Estate had only one vote French Revolution Estates General How was it set up? First Estate—300 Representatives Second Estate—300 Representatives Third Estate—300 Representatives Each Estate had only one vote

Result National Assembly June 17, 1789 The Third Estate withdraws and forms the National Assembly. They want to limit the power of the king and more rights for the common people

Tennis Court Oath Members of the Third Estate moved indoors to a Tennis court and vowed not to separate until they had given France a constitution.

Tennis Court Oath

Tennis Court Oath

King Louis XVI’s Response French Revolution King Louis XVI’s Response He finally addresses all the delegates on June 23, 1789. However, the king threatens to arrest the National assembly.

The Bastille

National Assembly’s Response French Revolution National Assembly’s Response July 14, 1789 Peasants storm the Bastille, a jail in Paris not to free prisoners, but they were looking for weapons. Consequently, the peasants burn all the tax records. The Revolution has begun.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins What happens to King Louis XVI? --France was at war with Prussia in early 1792. --In Prussia, Francis II comes to power. He tries to influence politics because Marie Antionette is his aunt. He also wants territory.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins 1792--The revolution was in full force. There were two factions: Revolutionists and Radicals The radicals were called Jacobins. They started out as a political club in Paris. They believed in establishing liberty by coercion.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins What happens to King Louis XVI? --The Legislative Assembly orders refractory clergy arrested and 20,000 national guardsman to protect Paris. Louis vetoes both measures.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins What happens to King Louis XVI? Jacobins seize power on August 10, 1792. They storm the Palace at Tuileries and drive the king from the throne. http://wirednewyork.com/forum/showthread.php?t=10316 Digital.library.northwestern.edu

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins What happens to King Louis XVI? --Louis XVI is guillotined on January 21, 1793 for treason, plotting with the Austria and Prussia.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) --Takes over in France and institutes two laws: Law of Maxium General price controls Law of Suspects Imprison citizens whose loyalty they suspected Mountholyoke.edu

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) All of his policies led to the Reign of Terror and the 12-Man Committee on Public Safety which was interested in looking for threats against the revolution. One example of this was the drowning of priests at Nantes and the execution of 200 citizens at Lyons.

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins Maximilien Robespierre and the Reign of Terror http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PyZsLYxaIuM

The Reign of Terror and the Jacobins After the death of Robespierre, France was ruled by a Directory It was a five-man executive group and had a two-house legislature. They were unable to fix France’s financial problems. As a result Napoleon takes over in France.