DDR1 plays an intrinsic role in primary epithelial cells undergoing branching morphogenesis and is required for correct organization of the basement membrane.

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DDR1 plays an intrinsic role in primary epithelial cells undergoing branching morphogenesis and is required for correct organization of the basement membrane in vivo. DDR1 plays an intrinsic role in primary epithelial cells undergoing branching morphogenesis and is required for correct organization of the basement membrane in vivo. (A) Left: The fourth pair of mammary glands from wild-type and DDR1-null female C57Bl/6J mice were dissected out 3 d postpartum and fixed in formalin. All mice were 13–14-wk old. Tissues were embedded in paraffin and processed for HE staining. Representative tissue sections from wild-type (+/+) and DDR1-null (−/−) mice are shown. Scale bars represent 200 μm. Right: The areas of mammary alveoli were measured using ImageJ. The mean area of 99–196 alveoli per mouse was determined for three sets of wild-type (+/+) and DDR1-null (−/−) mice littermate pairs. The relative alveolar area of the mice is plotted as a bar graph for each littermate pair. The data are plotted as the mean ± SE and statistics analyzed by a t test. The asterisks depict statistically significant differences (***P < 0.0001). (B, C) Tissue sections from three wild-type and three DDR1-null mice were subjected to IHC for collagen IV (B) or laminin (C). The sections were counterstained with haematoxylin. Representative images are shown. (D) The second, third, and fourth pair of mammary glands were dissected from two wild-type female C57Bl/6J mice between 12 and 13 wk of age and subjected to morphogenic assay as described in the Materials and Methods section. Left: representative bright-field images are shown. Right: the percentage of organoids undergoing branching morphogenesis with more than three branches was counted. The average percentage from three independent experiments is plotted in the bar graph with error bars representing SD. Pia Pernille Søgaard et al. LSA 2019;2:e201800276 © 2019 Søgaard et al.