Conditionals B 1

Conditional sentences have : main clauses conditional clauses

0 conditional If you heat water, it starts to boil. The same tense form in both clauses. In both clauses present simple is used.

0 conditional is used in case of general truths laws of nature If may be replaced by when or whenever If/when it rains, people use umbrellas. Snow melts if/when the weather gets warmer.

I conditional If he comes, I will go. In the conditional clause all present tenses can be used. In the main clause will-future (future simple).

If you’re working right now, I won’t disturb you. If you haven’t finished yet, I’ll come later.

In the main clause modal verbs can be used instead of will. If he doesn’t know it, I can help him. You must come back if they are in now. If Mary’s in trouble, we should help her.

If he doesn’t come, I won’t (will not) go. Will you go if he comes? What will you do if he comes?

Other words instead if When In case As soon as Unless Provided/providing Suppose/supposing

If or when? If – in case, connected with condition When – connected with time If and when can be synonimously used Sometimes only one or the other can be used.

If /when he comes, I will go. When father comes home from work, we’ll have dinner.

Unless Unless = if .... not Do not use not after unless! We’ll play tennis if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. We’ll play tennis unless it rains tomorrow.

II conditional – unreal conditional, II Conditional – unreal present If he came, I would go. In the conditional clause: past simple or past continuous If he were driving any faster, I would ask him to stop the car. In the main clause: would + verb

If he didn’t come, I wouldn’t go. Would you go if he came? What would you do if he came?

In the main clause would may be replaced by could, might If you helped me a little, we could/might finish earlier. He could not do the job if he didn’t like it.

When using the verb be in the II conditional sentences all persons can be used with were. If Paul was/were your friend he would help you. I would travel around the world if I was/ were rich.

Giving advice If I were you, I would tell him.

Instead of if other words can be used: In case Provided/providing Suppose/supposing On condition that When is NOT used.

III conditional – unreal/imaginary past If he had come, I would have gone. ( But he didn’t come and I didn’t go) In the conditional clause: past perfect or past perfect continuous. In the main clause: would have + past participle (III principle form or –ed ended verbs) Would can be replaced by could, might, should

If you had been listening, you could/might have heard what the teacher said. (But you were not listening and you didn’t hear)

The verb to have If I had had more time, I would have visited Linda. ( But I didn’t have enough time, I didn’t visit Linda)

I wish / If only There are three grammar structures. 1 A wish for the past. You wish sth had been different in the past. Past perfect tense is used: had + past participle or past perfect continuous: had been + verb-ing I wish they had accepted my application. (But they didn’t). If only you hadn’t told them my secret.

I wish the professor had been talking louder I wish the professor had been talking louder. (But he wasn’t talking loud enough).

With the verb had I wish I had had more time. (But I didn’t) If only my sister hadn’t had this accident.

2) A present wish. You wish sth was different now 2) A present wish. You wish sth was different now. Past simple tense or past continuous tense . I wish I knew the answer (But I don’t know it). If only he could understand me (But he doesn’t). I wish you were joking (But you’re not). If only I had more time (But I don’t). I wish you were here. (But you’re not).

3) A wish for the future change Would + verb I wish it would stop raining. I wish the weather would change.