MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES Nucleus surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane/envelope nuclear pores are scattered over the surface of the nuclear envelope ribosomes are partially assembled in the nucleolus DNA is stored in the nucleus controls all the cell’s activities

More Cell Organelles makes proteins Ribosomes makes proteins some are suspended in the cytosol or cytoplasm and are “free” ribosomes

More Cell Organelles Endoplasmic Reticulum ER, is an extensive system of internal membranes that transports proteins and other substances through the cell rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, it transports proteins vesicle, is a small membrane-bound sac used to transport substances within cells (comes from the ER) smooth ER lacks ribosomes, it makes lipids and breaks down toxic substances (vesicle)

More Cell Organelles Golgi Apparatus a set of flattened membrane-bound sacs that serves as the packaging and distribution center of the cell it modifies proteins received in vesicles from ER and encloses them in new vesicles Lysosome are small spherical organelles that contains the cell’s digestive enzymes

More Cell Organelles Mitochondria an organelle that harvests energy from organic compounds to make ATP mitochondria have 2 membranes; outer membrane is smooth; inner membrane is folded with a large surface area has DNA and ribosomes to make its own protein, however, most mitochondrial proteins are made by free ribosomes in the cytosol

More Cell Organelles Vacuole stores water and contains ions, nutrients, and waste animal cells have small vacuoles and plant cells will have a large central vacuole; when full, it makes the cell rigid and this enables a plant to stand upright

More Cell Organelles Centrioles Divides DNA during cell division

Structure of Plant Cells 1. cell wall thick wall made of proteins and carbohydrates, including cellulose helps support and maintain the shape of the cell, protects cell from damage, and connects it with adjacent cells 2. chloroplasts uses light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O surrounded by 2 membranes and it contains it’s own DNA

Membrane Bound Organelles

Processing of Proteins