Effects of bolus widening (“dispersion”) in the AIF on the tissue-concentration-versus-time curve. Effects of bolus widening (“dispersion”) in the AIF.

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of bolus widening (“dispersion”) in the AIF on the tissue-concentration-versus-time curve. Effects of bolus widening (“dispersion”) in the AIF on the tissue-concentration-versus-time curve. A, Residue function, which represents the probability of the tracer remaining in the voxel at time t. Note that this is a monotonically decreasing function, with a value of 1 at time t = 0. The residue function shown here represents a well-mixed single compartment with an MTT of 4 seconds, similar to that seen in brain. For the remainder of the examples, CBF is taken to be 50 mL/100 mL of brain per minute, again typical for brain. The area under the AIF is normalized to 1 arbitrary unit. B, Tissue concentration curve (solid line) for a “perfect bolus” AIF (dotted line), which arrives at t = 0. The tissue concentration curve is just the residue function multiplied by CBF. Note that CBF is equal to the first point of the tissue concentration curve, which is also the peak concentration. C, AIF is a 2-second bolus top hat function corresponding to “plug flow”: note the increase in the arrival time of peak contrast and the decrease in peak concentration, a consequence of the convolution of the AIF and the residue function. No longer is CBF equal to the first time point of the tissue curve or the peak concentration. D, AIF is a gaussian curve with full width at half maximum of 2 seconds, a more realistic model of a bolus that has widened before reaching the tissue. Note that for both C and D, deconvolution techniques are necessary to determine CBF and that the first moment of the tissue concentration curve is not equal to the MTT. Sec indicates seconds. G. Zaharchuk AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1850-1858 ©2007 by American Society of Neuroradiology