Mauro Maccarrone, Massimo Taccone-Gallucci, Alessandro Finazzi-Agrò 5-Lipoxygenase-mediated mitochondrial damage and apoptosis of mononuclear cells in ESRD patients  Mauro Maccarrone, Massimo Taccone-Gallucci, Alessandro Finazzi-Agrò  Kidney International  Volume 63, Pages S33-S36 (May 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s84.26.x Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Interplay between vitamin E, 5-lipoxygenase, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis of mononuclear cells. ESRD patients on maintenance HD show enhanced 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which leads to increased membrane lipoperoxides and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). The increased cytochrome c (cyt c) release from mitochondria activates the caspase cascade, which, together with lipoperoxide and ROS formation, triggers nuclear alterations and ultimately leads to apoptosis. Oral or intramuscular (IM) administration of vitamin E, as well as the filter-bound form, increases the plasma level of vitamin E, which prevents ESRD/HD-induced apoptosis by directly inhibiting 5-LOX activity. Kidney International 2003 63, S33-S36DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s84.26.x) Copyright © 2003 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions