Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children Sandra Habbig, Bodo Bernhard Beck, Bernd Hoppe Kidney International Volume 80, Issue 12, Pages 1278-1291 (December 2011) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.336 Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Urolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis in different diseases. (a) Bladder stone in a 4-year-old patient with Joubert syndrome after kidney transplantation due to suture in situ; (b) infectious stones (mixture of struvite and carbonate apatite) in a 9-month-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infections (Proteus mirabilis) and proximal ureter stenosis; (c) staghorn calculus and nephrocalcinosis in a 7-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis, hyperoxaluria, and hypocitraturia; (d) kidney stones and nephrocalcinosis in an 11-year-old patient with primary hyperoxaluria type I; and (e) nephrocalcinosis in a 2-year-old patient with familial hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis syndrome. Kidney International 2011 80, 1278-1291DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.336) Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions