Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic saprophytes – obtain food from dead organic matter parasites – feed on living organisms

Fungi STRUCTURE Unicellular Hypha ( slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall) mass of hyphae that make up an organism mycelium

Fungi STRUCTURE 􀁻 septa – crosswalls that separate cytoplasm and nuclei into cells 􀁻 coenocytic – describes hyphae that are aseptate (no septa) multinucleate

Fungal Structure

Reproduction in Fungi 􀁻 Fungi can reproduce either sexually or asexually 􀁻 Adult organisms are haploid (N) 􀁻 Both sexual and asexual reproduction produce spores, which become adult organisms

Asexual Reproduction spores –ex conidiospore. Chlamydospore sporangiospore budding – mitosis with uneven distribution of cytoplasm fragmentation – breaking of an organism into pieces, which develop into new individuals

Sexual Reproduction occurs when hyphae of two genetically different individuals of the same species encounter each other gametes (produced by mitosis) come together and form diploid (2N) zygote zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid (N) spores

Classification Fungi are divided into phylum based on sexual reproductive structures: Oomycetes-oospores Zygomycetes – zygospore Ascomycetes – ascospore Basidiomycetes – basidiospore

Oomycetes Genus:- Albugo.sp

Zygomycetes sexual reproductive structure – zygospore most of them are saprophytic vegetative hyphae lack septa (aseptate)

zygospore

Genus Rhizopus.sp “Bread Molds” hyphae modified into: - rhizoids (holdfasts) - stolons (connecting hyphae) - sporangiospore (asexual reproductive structures)

Ascomycetes “Sac Fungi” includes: yeasts, some molds, septate hyphae asexual reproduction – spores (conidiophores)

Genus Aspergillus.sp

Genus Penicillium.sp

Basidiomycetes includes: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi also, economically important plant pathogens: rusts and smuts sexual reproduction by basidiospore

Genus:Agaricus.sp