Hemodynamic and clinical impact of ultrasound-derived venous reflux parameters Peter Neglén, MD, PhD, John F Egger, BA, Jake Olivier, PhD, Seshadri Raju, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 40, Issue 2, Pages 303-310 (August 2004) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.05.009
Fig 1 Schematic drawing of the lower limb venous circulation from groin to below the knee. The superficial (GSV, SSV) and the deep (FV, PROF, POP, GV) systems may be involved at different levels (groin and knee). GSV, Great saphenous vein; SSV, small saphenous vein; FV, femoral vein; PROF, profunda femoris vein; POP, popliteal vein; GV, gastrocnemius vein. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 40, 303-310DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.05.009)
Fig 2 Schematic drawings of different patterns of reflux. Left, Diagram of group A limb with axial great saphenous vein reflux to below the knee (single system/multilevel reflux). Right, Diagram of group B limb with axial deep and superficial reflux to below the knee. In this particular limb all vessels at the knee level were refluxive (multisystem/multilevel reflux). Journal of Vascular Surgery 2004 40, 303-310DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2004.05.009)