Persian Wars 490BCE- 479 BCE

Who Fought? The Persians Fought against the Greeks Persia was ruled by Darius and Xerxes Greeks- Athenians, Spartans, Ionians

Persians VS Greeks

What caused the Persian War? Persia controlled Ionia but Greeks were already living there. in 499BCE when Persian King Darius raised taxes, the Ionian Greeks got mad and revolted Athens backed them up Persians crushed the revolts

Causes Darius wanted revenge on Athenians for helping so attacked mainland Greece.

Major Battles 1. Battle at Eretria– City north of Athens was burned by the Persians Angered Athens asks Sparta for help

Major Battles 2. Battle of Marathon: Sparta and Athens work together Persia- 25,000 soldiers Greeks- 10,000 soldiers Phalanx battle formation gave the Greeks the victory 6,400 Persians died 192 Greeks died

Phalanx Formation

Pheidippides Ran to Athens from Marathon = 26 miles Told them of the victory Died after giving the news * This is why marathons are now 26 miles!

Part 2: Persian War 10 years later Xerxes, son of Darius vowed revenge. Brought between 100,000-300,000 troops through a narrow mountain pass

Battle at Thermopylae 3,300 Greeks led by the Spartans held them off at a narrow pass in Thermopylae. A traitor told Persians of another way around Many Greeks retreat but 300 Spartans stood strong. They all died

Battle at Salamis Athens is evacuated and fought at sea. Athenians had a powerful navy Greeks fought with new ships called Trireme. Triremes punched holes in Persian ships and sink a third of the ships.

Trireme

Battle of Plataea While Athens crushed the Persians at Sea, Spartans were on the plain of Plataea and crushes the rest of the Persian army Xerxes retreats

Battle Summary: Greeks 3 – Persians 3 Winner Ionia Persia Eretria Marathon Greece Thermopylae Salamis Plataea

Effects of the Persian Wars Greece victory creates a sense of unity Athens had control of what was left of Greece through leadership of the Delian League. Delian League- an agreement that the remaining Greek city states would help each other

Pictures Cited Slide 1 – http://www.post-gazette.com/images4/20070309ho_leonidas_450.jpg Slide 2 – http://i166.photobucket.com/albums/u117/mikey_albert_photos/leonidis.jpg Slide 3 – http://www.the-toy-soldier.com/images/romans4.jpg, http://www.the-toy-soldier.com/images/romans2.jpg, http://www.markchurms.com/Merchant2/graphics/eagle-l.jpg Slide 5 – http://tn1-2.pv.deviantart.com/fs11/150/i/2006/183/c/e/wendy__s_revenge_by_bri_chan.jpg Slide 7 – http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Battleofissus333BC-mosaic.jpg Slide 9 – http://joseph_berrigan.tripod.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/greekinfantry.jpg, Slide 10 – http://www.livius.org/a/1/greece/phalanx.jpg Slide 11 – http://www.300spartanwarriors.com/images/719_Warner_Bros._Frank_Miller_300_-_300SpartanWarriors.jpg Slide 12 – http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39748000/jpg/_39748185_p_diddy_203.jpg Slide 13 – http://i85.photobucket.com/albums/k46/mooshy_01/Xerxes.jpg Slide 14 - http://sha3teely.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/300movie02.jpg Slide 16 – http://students.mnmsa.org/~tkosanke/Thermopylae.jpg Slide 17 – http://www.molossia.org/milacademy/salamis.jpg Slide 18 – http://www.sikyon.com/Athens/images/salamis_battle.jpg Slide 19 – http://students.ou.edu/E/Ryan.C.Emrick-1/greek_trireme.JPG