Motivation II: Intrinsic Motivation (NOTE: Group formation in section this week; must attend section to get into a group for your project)

Recap Motivation Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Desire and commitment Behaviors towards goals Extrinsic motivation Reinforcements, rewards Inadequate alone Unavailable as tool to most Intrinsic motivation Psychic income

Intrinsic motivation models Need based Hierarchy of needs 2-factor theory Theory XYZ Goal Setting Job Characteristics

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Self actualization Esteem Social Safety Physiological

Herzberg’s 2 factor Theory dissatisfaction satisfaction Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement Growth Motivators Company policy Relationship with Boss Work conditions Salary Relationship with Peers Personal life Relationship with Subordinates Status Security Supervision Hygiene Factors

Theory X & Y What are your employees doing while you are away?

Theory X Y (and Z) Theory X Theory Y Theory Z View of work: Attitude toward responsibility: innovation: Ability to control: Dislike and avoid it Avoid it, Seek formal direction Security valued over ambition Coerced, controlled, threatened As natural as rest or play Accept and seek it Individuals capable of innovation Self direction, self control W Whole part of a person Implicit control by loyalty to team Collective responsibility Whole is better than sum of parts

Locke’s Goal Setting Process -- how goals are set? Must be well understood Participative goal setting Sanitation company Content -- what the goals are? Specific Measurable Challenging Feedback -- how am I doing?

Job Characteristics Model task significance task identity skill variety M eaningfulness Responsibility Knowledge of Results High Motivation autonomy feedback

Assembly lines Task significance? Task identity? Task variety? Autonomy? Feedback?

Moderators of task characteristics Organizational cues Perception matters more than reality Social cues Individual differences Self esteem Efficacy Growth need strength

Intrinsic Motivation Fulfill growth and advancement needs Psychic income Focus: Whole person’s needs Goals Task design

Extrinsic or intrinsic? Extrinsic as “knee jerk” Intrinsic: Cheaper Lasts longer Bigger effect More difficult to implement