ICT in the Building Process Education Per Christiansson, Kjeld Svidt Aalborg University http://it.bt.aau.dk Aalborg Universitet 23 november 2005

ICT and MODELS of REALITY PRODUCT PROCESS models ICT (Information and Communication Technology) may be defined as the technologies to support capture, storage, manipulation, communication and delivery of information on different application levels (from macro to micro scale) and in different contexts such as technological, organisational, and cultural.

Building Industry Needs - User needs and requirements formulation - Participation in system design, evaluation and usability testing - Specification and design of new User Environment - User Interface design - System interoperability and Web implications - New ICT tools design (using meta tools) - Formulation of change and ICT strategies - Specification, building and handling of Virtual Building models - Global competitiveness success - Increased effectivity and efficiency

“Inadequate interoperability increases the cost burden of construction industry stakeholders and results in missed opportunities that could create significant benefits for the construction industry and the public at large. …… This report, prepared for NIST by RTI International and the Logistic Management Institute, estimates the cost of inadequate interoperability in the U.S. capital facilities industry to be $15.8 billion per year. The intended audiences are owners and operators of capital facilities; design, construction, operation and maintenance, and other providers of professional services in the capital facilities industry; and public- and private-sector research organizations engaged in developing interoperability solutions. “ 15.8’’’ --> 1.8 milliarder DKK adjusted for population

Bips Byggeri informationsteknologi produktivitet samarbejde http://www.bips.dk

Det Digitale Byggeriprograam -DDB 1/2 In 2002 the Danish national 'Digital Construction - a development program for the whole construction sector' in Danish 'Det Digitale Byggeri', DDB, was started. (40 millions DKK). See also http://www.detdigitalebyggeri.dk. As a result the public clients will 2007 state a set of ICT requirements that the enterprises of the construction sector must meet if they wish to tender for public construction projects. An Advisory Board advises the National Agency for Enterprise and Construction. EBST, on the overall direction and progress of the development project. EBST also forms secretariat for the project, http://www.naec.dk/

DDB 2/2 Four projects were launched in 2003 within client requirements formulation [i6 IT Civil Group participates in (2), (3), (4), and (5)]. (1) Digital tender (2) 3D models (3) Digital handover (Digital aflevering), DACaPo (4) Projectweb together with a project on (5) Foundation for Digital Construction (classification and standardization issues). In 2005 the final project was launched namely (6) Best Practice - or in Danish ‘Bedst i Byggeriet’ (7) Digital Projekplanlægning i renoveringssektorn (5 2005) http://www.detdigitalebyggeri.dk/english/0/10

Digital handover (Digital aflevering), DACaPo project Document Classes Site Building O&M Economy PC 3.6.2005

At the Detdigitalebyggeri site http://www.detdigitalebyggeri.dk WHERE TO FIND DDB INFO? At the Detdigitalebyggeri site http://www.detdigitalebyggeri.dk

Demo projekt fra Det Digitale Fundament (22 pages) http://asp

Implementeringsnetværket for DDB

COMPETENCES NEEDS Builders must process some ICT competences to be able to formulate needs, requirements, and perform usability evaluation as well as to actively participate in the (creative) design of tomorrows building process ICT tools.

ICT in Construction Learning Domains

COURSES TODAY Sem 1 FS5, Basis Computerbaseret tegning og modellering. 1M, FS5 Kjeld Svidt, Erik Kjems Sem6 Civ. ing. IT in the Building Process. 2M, PE Kjeld Svidt, Per Christiansson Sem7 BL (Byggeledelse) Bygningsmodeller/Virtual Buildings. 1M, SE Kjeld Svidt, Kaj Jørgensen BL Knowledge Representations and Semantic Web. 2M, SE Per Christiansson Sem8 Computerstøttet Samarbejde/MM & KM. 2M, SE Sem1 MII (Master Industrial IT) Grafiske Brugergrænseflader/Human Computer Interaction. 1M, PE Teknologistøttet samarbejde/CSCW. 1M, PE Kjeld Svidt Sem 3 Multimedia and Interactive Systems. 1M, SE Knowledge Management. 1M, SE Sem3-Sem4 Specialerelaterede kurser: Virtual Buildings, Intelligent Buildings and Digital Cities, Building Simulations. ØVRIGT 2 Elite kurser, Livslang uddannelse

COURSES TOMORROW Sem 1/2 Basis Grundlæggende bygningsrelateret informationsteknologi. 2M, FS Per Christiansson, Kjeld Svidt Sem1/2 EKSISTERENDE Computerbaseret tegning og modellering. 1M, FS5 Kjeld Svidt, Erik Kjems Sem4 CI Product- og Processmodeller i Byggeriet. 1M, SE Kjeld Svidt, Per Christiansson Sem5 Databaser og Videnrepræsentation. 1M, SE Sem6 IKT-støttet samarbejde. 1M, PE/SE Sem7 EKSISTERENDE BL (Byggeledelse) Bygningsmodeller/Virtual Buildings. 1M, SE Kjeld Svidt, Kaj Jørgensen Sem7 EKSISTERENDE BL Knowledge Representations and Semantic Web. 2M, SE Per Christiansson Sem8 EKSISTERENDE Computerstøttet Samarbejde/MM & KM. 2M, SE MII (Master Industrial IT) AS BEFORE

END Extra slides -> http://it.bt.aau.dk/it/

World - system - model 3/4 The Virtual Building, VB, model is accessed through more or less detailed representations. The VB sub-models may be partly overlapping and also contain redundant information. From Christiansson P, Carlsen M (2005) Virtual Building from Theory to Practice. Proceedings W78 22nd Conference on Information Technology in Construction. Edited by R.J. Scherer, P. Katranuschkov, S.-E. Schapke. Dresden July 19-21, 2005. (pp. 171- 175). http://it.bt.aau.dk/it/reports/2005_07_w78_dresden.pdf

WORLD - SYSTEM - MODEL 1/4 From the world to data models implemented in software systems.

World - system - model 2/4 The real world is modeled and accessed from a User Environment, UE, to facilitate experience capture, design, construction, use and re-design of buildings.

World - system - model 4/4 The complexity and flexibility in organization of the building process leads to large difficulties to build up highly formalized non-redundant models except for certain more standardized buildings and process organization The favorable degree of optimum formalization of the building process will be different dependent on which actors view is applied. There might be a negative correlation between effectiveness and flexibility for different representations.

Building Process Oscillations Building Process models development have during the latest decades had periodic focus on achieving a highly formalized non-redundant building product model, Virtual Building, VB

Building Process in Change ICT tools described into a building process context. We envision greater emphasis in the near future on formalisation of building process/product components especially on the meta data level. Formalised processes will more efficiently handle flexible user environments (UE) and project information containers accommodating partly redundant information. Christiansson, P, 2003, “Next Generation Knowledge Management Systems for the Construction Industry” Auckland, New Zealand, April 23-25, 2003. CIB W78 Proceedings 'Construction IT Bridging the Distance", ISBN 0-908689-71-3. CIB Publication 284. (494 pages). (pp. 80-87).

DEFINITIONS ONTOLOGY - the branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being - An explicit formal specification of how to represent the objects, concepts, and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of interest and the relationships that hold among them. DICTIONARY - a book that lists the words of a language in alphabetic order and gives their meaning, or that gives equivalent words in different language. CLASSIFICATION - The action or process of classifying something according to shared qualities or characteristics

COMPETENCES …. There is at present and in the future building industry a great need for persons who can take active part in specification, design, implementation, and evaluation of tomorrows building process support systems. A broad view and insight into the complex building process together with a broad and in some key areas deep knowledge into existing and coming ICT tools are required in combination.

A COMPLEX PROCESS The implementation in the building process has been rather slow due to the building process is one of the most complex and less formalized applied processes Building process actors using different ICT tools, languages and model formalisms with a rich spectrum of user interfaces with different characteristics A very cross scientific domain. Too little focus on building up it's own ICT competences (the out-sourcing trend increases the risk of loosen company business strategic knowledge). - Low client understanding that ICT pays back (better early decisions in alternative solutions, higher quality and better documented end products.

Emerging ICT tools • XML (Extensible Markup Language) • Time parameter taken into account in models • The SEMANTIC WEB • Virtual Workspaces • Web and Grid services

INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES VERA, http://cic.vtt.fi/vera/english.htm (1997-2002) ITBOF2002, IT Bygg och Fastighet. http://www.itbof.se IAI, International Alliance for Interoperability,(IFC) http://www.iai-international.org (http://cic.vtt.fi/niai/ Nordic Chapter, http://www.iai-forum.dk/) CIB W78, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, IT in Construction. http://w78.civil.auc.dk (http://it.bt.aau.dk Building Informatics AAU)

HOW CAN I FOLLOW/INTERACT WITH THE WORK? The DDB program will end in 2007. A lot of what is presented at this stage may (and will) be revised both client requirements and classification schemes. You are encouraged to follow (both push and pull) the discussions and progress on the Learning Net. http://www.detdigitalebyggeri.dk/forum/0/3