The Human Body: An Orientation

Organ System Overview Cardiovascular Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart __________ _______ __________ ___________ _________ Figure 1.2f

Organ System Overview Lymphatic Returns fluids to ______ ________ Disposes of _______ Involved in ___________ Figure 1.2g

Organ System Overview Respiratory Keeps blood supplied with _______ Removes _______ _________ Figure 1.2h

Organ System Overview Digestive Breaks down food Allows for nutrient ________ into blood Eliminates ___________ material Figure 1.2i

Organ System Overview Urinary Eliminates ___________ wastes Maintains ______ – ______ balance Regulates water and ___________ Figure 1.2j

Organ System Overview Reproductive ______________________ Figure 1.2k

Necessary Life Functions Movement Locomotion Ex: walking or running Movement of substances Ex:__________________________________________________________________ Digestion Break-down and delivery of nutrients

Necessary Life Functions Metabolism – chemical reactions within the body Production of energy Making body structures Differentiation – Unspecialized cells become specialized “plain” cell becomes red blood cell or white blood cell

Necessary Life Functions Reproduction Production of future generation Growth Increasing of (1) cell size (2) number (3) amount of material surrounding cells

Homeostasis Maintenance of a stable ___________ environment = a ________ state of _____________ Homeostasis must be maintained for _________body functioning and to _________ _______ Homeostatic imbalance – a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in __________

Overview of Homeostasis Figure 1.4

Maintaining Homeostasis The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems __________ Responds to changes in the __________ (stimuli) Sends information to control center

Maintaining Homeostasis ________ ________ Determines set point _________ information Determines appropriate __________ __________ ___________ a means for response to the stimulus

Feedback Mechanisms Negative feedback Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms Shuts off the _______ _________, or reduces its intensity Works like a household thermostat

Feedback Mechanisms Positive feedback ___________ the original stimulus to push the variable farther In the body this only occurs in ______ __________ and _________________________________