Energy is the ability to be active or to use power. The ability to do work

Energy that you get from the food you eat. Nutrition Energy that you get from the food you eat. Nutrition powers our body so that it can work.

Happens in green plants and some other organisms Photosynthesis When carbohydrates are created from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source Happens in green plants and some other organisms In most cases, oxygen is released into the air because of this process.

The food producers of plant cells Chloroplast Organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms where photosynthesis and other chemical reactions take place The food producers of plant cells

Glucose When you eat, your body turns the food into a sugar called glucose. Glucose provides fuel for your cells. People get most of their glucose from the sugar and starch in carbohydrates.

Large molecules made up of smaller molecules joined together Macromolecule Large molecules made up of smaller molecules joined together Types of macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Monomer A small molecule that may attach chemically to other monomers to form a polymer or macromolecule. Digestion breaks down macromolecules like starch or protein into monomers.

Carbohydrates main function is to store energy A compound made up of oxygen (1 atom), hydrogen (2 atoms) and carbon (1 atom) Carbohydrates main function is to store energy Carbohydrates are found in fruits, vegetables, bread and grains.

Monosaccharide Simple Sugar Examples are fructose, ribose and glucose. Found in fruit, milk and plants.

They store energy and provide a barrier as a part of cell membranes Lipid A macromolecule that is oily to the touch and cannot be dissolved in water. Lipids include fats, oils and waxes. They store energy and provide a barrier as a part of cell membranes Lipids

A kind of lipid that comes from animal or vegetable fats and oils. Fatty Acid A kind of lipid that comes from animal or vegetable fats and oils. Fatty acids are the building blocks of the fat in our bodies. During digestion, the body breaks down fats into fatty acids, which can then be absorbed into the blood.

Protein is a macromolecule found in meats, eggs and dairy products. Protein helps transport substances. It makes reactions happen more quickly. It builds and repairs muscles. It makes hormones.

A small carbon compound that makes up protein. Amino Acid A small carbon compound that makes up protein. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

A type of macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information Nucleic Acid A type of macromolecule that stores and transmits genetic information It is made up of chains of nucleotides. There are two types in living organisms: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

The opening where organisms take in food. Mouth The opening where organisms take in food. The mouth takes in food and breaks it into smaller pieces through chewing. Mixes food with saliva, which starts digestion.

the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach Esophagus the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach Moves the food to the stomach

Stomach Food moves from the esophagus to the large, saclike organ known as the stomach. The stomach serves as a storage place while food starts the early processes of digestion Stomach muscles contract to break down food and mix it with the enzymes and acids in the stomach lining.

Connects the stomach to the large intestine. Small Intestine Connects the stomach to the large intestine. Where chemical digestion is completed and most of the nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream. The small intestine is the narrow winding upper part of the intestines.

Connects the small intestine to the anus. Large Intestine Connects the small intestine to the anus. Produces vitamin K and B for the body. Absorbs water. Removes waste from the body in the form of feces. The last part of the digestive system.

The liver is the largest organ in the body. An organ that secretes bile, has an important function in the storage and breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and helps purify many poisonous substances that may be eaten The liver is the largest organ in the body.

Makes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Pancreas The pancreas is a long gland located behind the stomach that secretes digestive juices into the small intestine Makes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Produces hormones like insulin that regulates glucose in the body.

Examples are amylase in saliva or pepsin in the stomach Enzyme Enzymes break the large food molecules into smaller ones that can be absorbed. Examples are amylase in saliva or pepsin in the stomach

The material on which an enzyme acts. Substrate The material on which an enzyme acts. An enzyme works together with a substrate to start a chemical reaction.

The energy required to start a chemical reaction. Energy of Activation The energy required to start a chemical reaction. Catalysts help to reduce the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction