A Brief History of Canada Prior to 1713

1400’s Major European Powers The British The French The Spanish The Portuguese All exploring new territory

1492 Christopher Columbus Discovers America He was Italian, sent by the Spanish There were of course already Native people living here

More Europeans Come The British and French take control of North America The Spanish and Portuguese take control of South America

1497 First Discovery of Canada made by John Cabot He was Italian sent by the French Found RICH fishing areas off the coast of NewFoundland

1534 - 1536 A French man named Jacques Cartier sailed two expeditions to Canada 1535 he sailed up the Saint Lawrence river which he named after the Saint

1603 Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence River and explored more territory

1604 Samuel de Champlain founded “Port Royal” in Acadia

1608 Samuel de Champlain founded “Quebec City” Quebec coming from the Algonquin word meaning “Narrow Part of a River” Biggest city in North America!

1642 French founded “Montreal” Canada was now a true Colony Called “New France”

1685 The population of New France was now 10,000

1600s French Christian Missionaries (Priest of sort) came to New France to try and convert the Natives They were called “Jesuits” They did not have much success, and their interactions often resulted in violence and death

1600s French Settlers traded with the Natives for fur and began to Farm the land This was known as the “Fur Trade” Traded Weapons, Medicine, Cooking Equipment

However…… The British were also interested in Canada The British and French had been mortal enemies for almost 1000 years

Fighting The British and French were always fighting over land The “Iroquois” were allies with the British The “Huron” were allies with the French

1610 A British man named “Henry Hudson” discovered Hudson Bay

1670 British founded the “Hudson Bay Company” The company was given exclusive rights to trade with the Native Americans of the area around Hudson Bay

1701-1713 “War of the Spanish Succession” War over who was in charge of Spain Britain fought with one half of Spain France fought with the other half

Result As part of the Treaty to end the war, France was forced to give Britain 3 major parts of New France (Canada) 1. Newfoundland 2. Nova Scotia 3. Hudson Bay

1713 North America was now split into 3 Major parts 1. New France (French) 2. Thirteen Colonies (British) Rupert’s Land (Hudson Bay Company)

1713