Gender and age effects on elbow joint stiffness in healthy subjects Chou-Ching K. Lin, MD, PhD, Ming-Shaung Ju, PhD, Han-Wei Huang, MD  Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  Volume 86, Issue 1, Pages 82-85 (January 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027

Fig 1 An example result of the upper-limb pendulum test. Full extension is defined as 0°; “a” is the maximal swing angle, “b” is the final steady angle, and both are referenced to the initial position. The numbers inside the plot show the number of swings. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 82-85DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027)

Fig 2 Age distribution of (A) subjects and (B) body weights. Legend: shaded bars, male groups; open bars, female groups. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 82-85DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027)

Fig 3 Age distribution of (A) the number of swings and (B) the relaxation index. Legend: shaded bars, male groups; open bars, female groups. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 82-85DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027)

Fig 4 Age distribution of (A) the stiffness constant and (B) the damping coefficient. Legend: shaded bars, male groups; open bars, female groups. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 82-85DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027)

Fig 5 Age distribution of (A) K/W and (B) C/W. Legend: shaded bars, male groups; open bars, female groups. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 82-85DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2003.12.027)