Chapter 14 Section 14.1.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 14 Section 14.1

14.1 Structure of the Atom We know of two different kinds of electric charge and we call them positive and negative.

14.1 Electric charge in matter We say an object is electrically neutral when its total electric charge is zero.

14.1 Inside an atom The mass of the nucleus determines the mass of an atom because protons and neutrons are much larger and more massive than electrons. In fact, a proton is 1,836 times heavier than an electron.

14.1 Force inside atoms Electrons are bound to the nucleus by the attractive force between electrons (-) and protons (+).

14.1 Force inside atoms What holds the nucleus together? There is another force that is even stronger than the electric force. We call it the strong nuclear force.

14.1 How atoms of various elements are different The atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons in the nucleus. Because the number of protons is so important, it is called the atomic number.

14.1 How atoms of various elements are different Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. The mass number of an isotope tells you the number of protons plus the number of neutrons. How are these carbon isotopes different?

Ions Ions are atoms that have a different number of protons than electrons ..giving them an electric charge. Positively charged ions have less electrons than protons. Negatively charged ions have more electrons than protons.

14.1 Radioactivity Almost all elements have one or more isotopes that are stable. “Stable” means the nucleus stays together. Carbon-14 is radioactive because it has an unstable nucleus.

Solving Problems How many neutrons are present in an aluminum atom that has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27?

Solving Problems Looking for: Given Relationships: Solution …number of neutrons in aluminum-27 Given … atomic no. = 13; mass no. = 27 Relationships: Periodic table says atomic no. = proton no. protons + neutrons = mass no. Solution neutrons = mass no. – protons neutrons = 27 – 13 = 14