Drug levels during the course of a dosing interval.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Applications of Pharmacokinetics

Advertisements

From: A Simulation Study of Common Propofol and Propofol-Opioid Dosing Regimens for Upper Endoscopy:Implications on the Time Course of Recovery Anesthes.

Suggested approach to patients with dabigatran-associated bleeding

Positive interactions between the basic and translational research, clinical research, patient care, and training components of an academic dialysis access.

Comparison of the model incorporating daily dose to that incorporating Cmax. Comparison of the model incorporating daily dose to that incorporating Cmax.

Probability of cumulative incidence of ESRD, disease-related death, or death from other cause for the entire cohort. Probability of cumulative incidence.

Adjusted rate ratios of hospital days and admissions for blacks and Hispanics compared with whites by age group. Adjusted rate ratios of hospital days.

Plasma concentration–time profile, relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of 4 mg TAK-228 in the single-agent QD PK run-in period,

Figure Diagrammatic levodopa pharmacokinetics after single doses of immediate release (IR) carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and 3 strengths of extended release.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels by Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) phase and selected patient characteristics. Parathyroid hormone.

Patient disposition. Patient disposition. AE, adverse event. *One patient died during the follow-up period. ^Four of the 12 discontinuations of treatment.

PTA for AUC/MIC ratio ≥800 for each 48-hour AUC: AUC0 to 48 (A), AUC48 to 96 (B), and AUC96 to 144 (C). PTA for AUC/MIC ratio ≥800 for each 48-hour AUC:

Thirty-day survival curves for the rapid versus slow correction rate groups are not significantly different. Thirty-day survival curves for the rapid versus.

Within-group comparisons of adjusted mean±SEM of absolute change in peak systolic strain (%) from baseline to 12 months using the American Heart Association.

Table e-1 Geometric Mean Ratio 90% Confidence Limit of AUC(0-t)

ROC curves. ROC curves. The four plots represent the ROC curves from the following four prediction models for day 3 AKI: RAI (A), NGAL and RAI (B), MMP-8.

Kaplan–Meier curve for technique survival censored for death, transplantation, and program exit for patient choice for all individuals commencing home.

Receiver operating characteristic curves of prediction models.

(A) Mean (SD) serum continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C. E

Adjusted means (±SD) of eGFR in relation to the histologic severity of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (i.e., NASH/fibrosis stage increasing from 0 to 3)

Receiver operator curve plots for prognostication of 5-year and 12-year all-cause (A and C, respectively) and cardiovascular mortality (B and D, respectively)

A glomerulus from a patient who developed nephrotic syndrome while receiving a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for arthritis. A glomerulus from a patient.

Mean (SD) weekly hemoglobin level (g/dl) and mean (SD) weekly epoetin dose by body weight (U/kg per week) were similar between epoetin alfa-epbx and epoetin.

Lifestyle intervention was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness. Lifestyle intervention was associated with improved cardiorespiratory fitness.

Intrapatient variability in cyclosporine blood levels in renal transplant patients. Intrapatient variability in cyclosporine blood levels in renal transplant.

Immunosuppression significantly reduced all-cause mortality or risk of ESRD (A) and significantly increased complete or partial remission (B) at the end.

Pharmacodynamics (PD) follow pharmacokinetics (PK).

More women are affected than men in X-linked Alport syndrome.

Ionized-to-total magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) ratios are lower in patients on hemodialysis than those in patients not on dialysis. Ionized-to-total.

Ratio of actual to expected rise in sodium as calculated using the Adrogué-Madias formula. Ratio of actual to expected rise in sodium as calculated using.

Mean plasma concentrations of ampicillin/sulbactam in plasma of critically ill patients with AKI undergoing extended dialysis (duration depicted by box.

Ca2+ infusion rates during all three protocol versions.

Unadjusted odds ratio of death at 6 mo for medications (β blockers [BBL], angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEI]/angiotensin receptor blockers.

The development of regional ventricular dysfunction as measured by regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA; abnormal regions) was associated with a greater.

The results of the analysis for rates of symptomatic IDH, asymptomatic IDH, and symptoms alone remained consistent with the primary analysis. The results.

Changes in total drug clearance with declining kidney function relates to the extent of drug clearance by the kidney. Changes in total drug clearance with.

Area under the curve (AUC)–targeted dosing of carboplatin using either the Cockcroft–Gault formula or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.

A loading dose decreases the time to achieve the target concentration.

Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in relation to dose of oral sodium bicarbonate. Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in.

The timing of gentamicin administration affects the concentration-time profile in patients using hemodialysis. The timing of gentamicin administration.

Rates of plasma sodium concentration increase before and after DDAVP administration. Rates of plasma sodium concentration increase before and after DDAVP.

Graph showing percentage of total patients with PTD or IGT that would be detected in each category of FBG if an oral glucose tolerance test were performed.

Representative electron microscopic image from a patient with SMGN

The same daily dose of metformin administered as different dosage regimens has differing effects on the concentration–time profile in a patient with CKD.

Kaplan-Meier analysis for the cumulative percentage of patients who remained hospitalized according to presence or absence of ARF with or without other.

Rituximab immunotherapy: it’s getting personal

We identified 200 Android and 178 iOS apps using 4 search terms and narrowed this to 12 Android apps, 11 iOS apps, and 5 dual-platform apps after applying.

Relationship between excess fluid, as determined by the difference between measured and estimated body water, and plasma albumin (R = −0.40, P = 0.011).

Gentamicin plasma and peritoneal dialysate concentrations in peritoneal dialysis patients with peritonitis. Gentamicin plasma and peritoneal dialysate.

Distribution of percent consistent facility aspirin use.

New dialysis starts in the United States by year in patients with and without diagnosis of diabetes. New dialysis starts in the United States by year in.

In vitro time course assays for four renal selective compounds.

Causal diagrams that represent three possible relationships between smoking, ESRD, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in the Study of Heart and Renal.

Distribution of SDS for serum creatinine, serum BUN, SBP, and DBP per quintiles of KS. Quintiles are expressed in SDS (see Figure 1B): 1st quintile,

Effect of IS on proliferation, senescence, and the production of NO and ROS from endothelial cells. Effect of IS on proliferation, senescence, and the.

A decision matrix for readers, reviewers, and guideline makers to conceptualize results-based and process-based merits in clinical trials. A decision matrix.

Annual prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, and combined proteinuria/hematuria on first screening in junior high school children in Tokyo, Japan between.

As the patient nears the end of life (dashed arrow), there is an increasing focus on symptom control and patient goals of care and a shift in the approach.

Bland-Altman plot of arterial and central venous blood Pco2 showing the regression line (solid line) and the 95% limits of agreement of −12.3 to 4.8 mmHg.

Dose adjustments in patients with CKD are based on the change in the concentration-time profile for the drug of interest. Dose adjustments in patients.

Plasma concentration-time profile after oral administration of a single dose. Plasma concentration-time profile after oral administration of a single dose.

A change in either volume of distribution or clearance has differing effects on the concentration-time profile. A change in either volume of distribution.

Temporal distribution (from time 0 to 720 min after drug administration) of mean dosage-adjusted mycophenolic acid (MPA) concentrations at month 6 after.

Direct immunofluorescence showing granular mesangial staining for IgA in the expanded mesangium of the biopsy of patient 4, who had underlying diabetic.

Study protocol. Study protocol. All participants were studied on four occasions: Twice before and twice after an 8-wk treatment period on low-dosage, low.

Examples of item response theory item characteristics curves.

Increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for type-specific community-acquired infections across eGFR categories within 12.

Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for fasting blood glucose (FBG) predicting posttransplantation diabetes (PTD) using time 0 FBG (a) and screening.

Organ quality (KDPI) of unilaterally discarded, deceased donor kidneys stratified by discard type (n=7625 kidneys), 2000–2015. Organ quality (KDPI) of.

Distribution of facility mean treatment time, by DOPPS region and phase. Distribution of facility mean treatment time, by DOPPS region and phase. Restricted.

Presentation transcript:

Drug levels during the course of a dosing interval. Drug levels during the course of a dosing interval. The drug concentration is lowest (Cmin) just before the dose is taken, then rises to a peak level (Cmax) at a certain time after the dose (Tmax). The concentration then falls back to Cmin before the next dose. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) describes total drug exposure during the entire dosing interval. Jeffrey Schiff et al. CJASN 2007;2:374-384 ©2007 by American Society of Nephrology