Molecular Shapes Polarity

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Presentation transcript:

Molecular Shapes Polarity

Make sense of problem and persevere in solving them Objective Today I will be able to: Predict the molecular shape of a molecule using the VSEPR theory Predict the polarity of molecules based on the molecular shape Evaluation/ Assessment Informal assessment – Listening to group interactions as they completethe molecular shapes lab. Formal Assessment – Analyzing student responses to the exit ticket and the exam. Common Core Connection Make sense of problem and persevere in solving them Reason abstractly and quantitatively Use appropriate tools strategically Look for and make use of structure

Lesson Sequence Warm – Up Explain: Molecular Polarity (Day 1) Elaborate: Molecular Shapes Lab Polarity (Day 1) Formal and informal assessment Explain: Formal Lewis Structure Rules (Day1) Elaborate: Lewis Structure Practice (Day 2) Evaluate: Exit Ticket Formal assessment

Warm – Up (Day 1) Which shape has the largest bond angle? What is this shape called? How many lone pairs and bonds formed are in the trigonal pyramidal shape? Draw the molecular shape for phosphorus pentachloride

Warm-Up (Day 2) Draw the lewis structure for XeF4 How many lone pairs are around the central atom? How can you tell if a molecule is polar or nonpolar?

Objective Today I will be able to: Predict the molecular shape of a molecule using the VSEPR theory Predict the polarity of molecules based on the molecular shape

Homework Molecular Shapes Quiz Friday, December 19

Agenda Warm-Up Polar Molecules Notes (Day 1) Predicting Polarity in Molecular Shapes Lab (Day 1) Formal Lewis Structure Notes (Day 1) Lewis Structure Practice (Day 2) Exit Ticket

Molecular Shapes Lab

Molecular Shapes Lab Directions Draw a Lewis Dot Structure for the molecule Make a model using the kit and draw the shape on your paper Write the shape name Write the bond angle Skip POLARITY for now, and we will come back to this part Be careful with the kits, do not drop or lose pieces!

Polarity

A molecule will be nonpolar if… All of the terminal atoms (or groups) are the same If all of the terminal atoms (or groups) are symmetrically arranged around the central atom The terminal atoms (or groups) have the same charges Example: CO2 CO2 – no charge on either side (dipole) no attraction, reason it is a gas at room temperature

A molecule will be polar if… One or more terminal atoms differ from each other The terminal atoms are not symmetrically arranged Polar molecules will have one slightly positive end and one slightly negative end Example H2O NH3

Polarity Examples

Molecular Shapes Lab Revisit the molecular shapes lab Fill out the column labeled polarity Please ask questions!

Formal Lewis Structure Drawing Rules

Rules Count the total number of valence electrons in the molecule Draw the molecule and show all single bonds around the central atom Using lone pairs, complete the octets around the non- central atoms Count the total number of electrons on the molecule Determine if you need to add a double or triple bond Add extra electrons to the central atom

Expanded Octets

What shapes allow for an expanded octet? Trigonal Bipyramidal Octahedral

Draw the Lewis Structures for the following molecules Determine the shape Determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar CH3Cl CH2O BeCl2 BCl3 PF5 SF6 XeF4 SF4 ICl3

Lewis Structures for Ions K+ ClO2-1 CN-1 CO32- SO42-

Lewis Structures Part III CH4 NF3 H2S C2H4 PF3 CF3Cl H2S