Chapter 3-4 THE MIDDLE COLONIES

ENGLAND SEIZES THE DUTCH COLONIES The English claimed the entire area between Newfoundland and Florida on the basis of John Cabot’s 1497 voyage.

They considered the Dutch in their colony of New Netherlands to be intruders on English soil. The fact that Dutch merchants were buying Virginia Tobacco and selling it elsewhere irritated English tobacco merchants, who felt that the tobacco trade was

rightfully theirs. In 1664 King Charles II gave his brother James, the Duke of York, a grant that included New Netherlands. He then sent James to attack the colony’s capital of New Amsterdam.

New Netherlands, was governed by Peter Stuyvesant New Netherlands, was governed by Peter Stuyvesant. He walked on a decorated wooden leg because he had been wounded in battle.

For 17 years, Stuyvesant ruled New Netherlands For 17 years, Stuyvesant ruled New Netherlands. The settlers came from many regions speaking numerous languages. This diversity sometimes created cultural conflicts. There were also financial troubles.

Stuyvesant’s attempts to raise taxes and create a solidly Dutch society angered some of the colonists.

In 1664, English warships arrived and the town’s people pushed Stuyvesant aside and surrendered the town without firing a shot. Most of the residents, including ex-governor Stuyvesant, continued to live in the colony.

The English renamed the colony New York in honor of James of York The English renamed the colony New York in honor of James of York. Sir George Carteret was given a large grant of land. This grant included all the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers.

This is James the Duke of York Who will he become? Why is he dressed like this? This is Sir George Carteret. What other Colony is he associated with?

Sir George Carteret who had just become one of the proprietors of Carolina and Lord John Berkeley formed the colony of New Jersey. To attract settlers, Carteret and Berkeley offered land on easy terms.

They also promised settlers religious freedom and the right to elect a legislature. In the 1670’s members of a religious sect known as the Quakers purchased the western part of the colony.

In 1684 the proprietors sold the rest of the colony In 1684 the proprietors sold the rest of the colony. The two sections were combined in 1702. QUAKERS FOUND COLONIES In 1681 Charles II awarded another large grant in America to an unlikely candidate, William Penn.

This English gentleman was not only wealthy and of high social status but he was a member of the Quaker religion. Quakers stressed religious tolerance . They also opposed warfare and any use of force.

They also emphasized the authority of the individual in religious, social and political matters. Because of their beliefs many people thought the Quakers were religious radicals.

Therefore, Quakers were often imprisoned, tortured and even hanged Therefore, Quakers were often imprisoned, tortured and even hanged. William Penn wanted to protect the Quakers from this persecution so he created a refuge in America.

The English King Charles II agreed to this because he owed a larges sum of money to Penn’s father who had died in 1670. Charles II gave Penn the region between New Jersey and Maryland to cancel this debt.

He suggested that it be called Pennsylvania in honor of Penn’s father He suggested that it be called Pennsylvania in honor of Penn’s father. Just like Roger Williams, Penn insisted that Native American’s be paid for their land and be treated fairly by the colonists.

Unlike most proprietors Penn came to America to oversee the laying out of his colony’s capital Philadelphia, which meant “brotherly love.”

One group that responded to Penn’s glowing accounts of the good soil and climate in his colony, along with his promises of a voice in government and religious liberty were large numbers of Germans who became known a the Pennsylvania Dutch.

Pennsylvania prospered from the beginning Pennsylvania prospered from the beginning. Farmers produced large crops of wheat and other foodstuffs. In 1682 Penn obtained another grant of land on Delaware Bay.

When Pennsylvania expanded westward, this region received the right to have its own colony in 1704. It eventually became Delaware. What was Delaware name after?