Lesson 3: The Flourishing of Culture
Universities Each university devoted to one area of study E.g. Law at the University of Salerno, philosophy and theology at the University of Paris Books very expensive and took a long time to reproduce University students had no texts but took notes
The Printing Press 1455 A.D. – Johannes Gutenberg published a copy of the Bible using the first European printing press By 1500 A.D., more than 250 European cities had a printing press
Stained-Glass and Tapestries Stained-glass – artwork consisting of colored glass Known as the “Poor Man’s Bible” – served as a “school for the illiterate” Tapestry – a rich, heavy cloth with designs and scenes woven into it
Cathedrals and Gothic Architecture Cathedral – from the Latin “cathedra” meaning chair or seat Christians built cathedrals as the tallest buildings and they showcased Gothic architectural style (around 1150 A.D.) as well as sculpture and glasswork Two famous Gothic cathedrals Canterbury Cathedral – Canterbury, England Notre Dame Cathedral – Paris, France
Literature Most written in Latin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 6ZJ0fzr1ajg Some wrote in the vernacular – the everyday language of the people Dante Alighieri – 1321 – The Divine Comedy – poem of his imaginary journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Heaven (Paradiso) Geoffrey Chaucer – Canterbury Tales – 1387 – story about 30 pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral. Chaucer exposed social and moral evils of his day.
Contributions of Women Hildegard of Bingen – experienced visions later recorded by a monk named Volmar 1151/52 – Scivias – prophetic visions about God’s relationship with his people Hildegard founded community of Benedictine nuns Wrote music, made medical book 2012 A.D. – named a Doctor of the Church by Pope Benedict XVI
Refocus-Comprehension 1) How did Gutenberg’s invention contribute to the advancement of education? - Printed books became affordable to ordinary people. 2) How did stained-glass windows serve as a “school for the illiterate”? - For those who couldn’t read, they could understand a story by studying its representation in stained glass.
Lesson 4: Children’s Lives
The Children’s Crusade French boy – Stephen – had vision that God wanted him to lead a crusade Crossed Alps – 2/3 children died on the journey due to be being frozen and starving German boy – Nicholas – also had similar vision Easier trip, but sea didn’t open up and many died on the walk back Many captured by Muslims and sold into slavery Promised God would part waters of Mediterranean Sea, allowing them to cross and walk to Jerusalem to capture it
Children of Nobles - The Boys Learn how to behave through instruction and example Learn to make beds and serve meals Might learn Latin Age 8-9, sent to live as a squire in another family’s castle Practice swordplay, handling armor, dancing, chess, and carving meat
Apprentice A person learning a trade by working with a master skilled in that trade Boys – apprenticed to master craftsworker Girls – apprenticed to the master’s wife Apprentices would learn in effort to become masters themselves
Fun and Games Noble children Working-class parents Hiding games in castle Frolic with animals and castle pets Horseshoes, marbles Early forms of tennis & football Working-class parents Dancing Wrestling Dice games Snowball fights, skating Juggling, puppeteering, etc.
Refocus-Comprehension 1) What was the Children’s Crusade? - An unsuccessful attempt by French and German children to march to Jerusalem to free the Holy Land for all Christians 2) Why were noble children sent to live with other families? - Noble children were sent to live with other families in order to learn their duties as noblemen and noblewomen