Do Now Describe the three types of RNA. Transcribe this sequence of DNA: ATCCAGTGA What is the difference between an intron and an exon? What is your favorite dessert?

Review mRNA splicing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV6NSHjTR1s Adding a 5’ end; poly A tail

Objectives: RNA Translation SWBAT understand and describe the process of translation in the cells

Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Proteins Transcription Translation

Translation Translation: the process of decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain In translation, the information in a nucleic acid is converted into amino acids Which type of RNA is translated? mRNA

Translation Where does RNA Transcription happen? The same place as DNA replication  the nucleus Where does translation occur? On the ribosomes (in eukaryotes)

UGA AAA CGA Genetic Code Genetic Code: the information that the RNA carries that specifies the amino acids that will be made Every 3 nucleotides code for an amino acid. These 3 letter codes are called a codon. 1 codon = 3 nucleotides = 1 amino acid CGA AAA

Genetic Code

Practice Using the genetic code on your table, what is the amino acid for the codon AGU? SERINE

Complete practice 1 on your worksheets Total time: 5 minutes Finding mRNA

To transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome tRNA Who Can Remember?! What is the function of tRNA? To transfer amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome

tRNA tRNA has a cloverleaf pattern At one end of the tRNA is the anticodon, it bonds with the codon in the mRNA (it is a complementary sequence)

tRNA At the other end of the tRNA is the amino acid that the mRNA codes for

AAA phenylalanine tRNA Example: the mRNA codon is UUU (remember that RNA does not have thymine but has uracil instead) What will be the anticodon for this mRNA? What amino acid will be carried by this tRNA molecule? AAA phenylalanine

St. Olaf Translation Animation http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/translation.swf

Steps of Translation Step 1: mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to the ribosome Step 2: tRNA brings specific amino acids to the RNA (according to the mRNA codons) Step 3: tRNA bonds to the mRNA and its amino acid attaches to the growing polypeptide chain

More Terms The mRNA sequence is very long. How does the cell know at which codon to start making the protein and which codon to stop? “Start” codon: This codon tells the protein chain to start building. The start codon is AUG or the amino acid methionine. Methionine is therefore the first amino acid in all proteins “STOP” codon: there are 3 stop codons: UAA, UGA and UAG

Translation Animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbB2kMkmb0w

Practice Codon Anti-codon tRNA Genetic Code Polypeptide A Site P Site Find either your matching amino acid or codon sequence. When you find your match, sit down and work on your practice together. You will have 10 m. Vocabulary that you should know: MILD CHALLENGE Codon Anti-codon tRNA Genetic Code Polypeptide A Site P Site E Site Large subunit Small subunit http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/translation-dna-to-mrna-to-protein-393