PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DNA vs. RNA (Make a Venn Diagram) -Deoxyribose -Thymine -Double Helix RNA -ribose -Uracil -single twisted strand Both -Nucleic acid -Nucleotides: C, G, A

6/26/2019

Protein Synthesis The process of taking DNA and bringing the “chemical code” to life. We do this by making proteins that we need to carry out life-sustaining processes. Two key steps: Transcription Translation

Protein Synthesis Transcription mRNA (messenger RNA) is TRANSCRIBED Take the DNA single strand and add complimentary base pairs except RNA format-uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) Occurs inside the nucleus

Terminology for Translation Codon:A sequence of three nucleotides located on the mRNA Anticodon:A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of the tRNA molecule

2. Translation Occurs inside a ribosome. Codon on mRNA that will match the anticodon on the tRNA tRNA links the anticodon to the codon tRNA has an amino acid attached-determined by codon. As codon/anticodon is matched amino acids are bound together by means of a peptide bond Linking amino acids together forms a polypeptide chain, which is folded into proteins.

Why do we need Protein Synthesis? Make proteins- chain of amino acids. We need proteins for growth and development of cells More specifically, we need polypeptide chains (proteins) with a specific code so it can do a specific job within our body

Few more things about protein synthesis: DNA can never leave the nucleus Transcription occurs in the nucleus Translation occurs at the ribosome (in cytoplasm) There is always a ‘start’ message (AUG) and a ‘stop’ message (UGA). -start gets the ribosome working -stop lets the ribosome release the polypeptide chain.

6/26/2019