Kinds of adaptations

Adaptation Any trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce successfully in a specific environment

Structural Adaptations External body parts or coloring that aids in survival Ex. Camouflage, tearing teeth, venom

Coloring Camouflage Warning coloration Mimicry Attract a mate

Warning Coloration

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Body Structure Location of eyes Kinds of teeth Venom Armor wings

Physiological Adaptations How the body parts perform their specific jobs to aid in survival Examples: Warm blooded vs. Cold blooded Cows have stomachs with 4 divisions sharks can sense electricity.

Behavioral Adaptations An action that aids survival Examples Migration to water sources during dry season herding for safety in numbers hibernation to save energy during winter

Traits can change over time in a population Tale of the peppered Moth

There are two traits in the population (Step 1.Genetic Variation)

White ones survived better (Step 2.Helpful traits increase survival)

Then pollution made the trees darker, so the black ones survived better

Result: The predators ate more white moths Black moths survive and pass on their genes Step 3.Helpful traits get passed on to the next generation more often than less helpful traits So the next generation had more black individuals than white individuals

Once we started fixing pollution, the trees got lighter again

Result: So now the white moths survived better The white trait was passed on more frequently The new population has more white moths than black.

This is how traits change over time Step 4.The percentage of individuals with that helpful trait increases, changing the population.

Natural selection: When the environment causes a trait to become more common in the population because it conveys an advantage. 1 . Genetic Variation 2. One trait conveys an advantage 3. Individuals with that trait survive and reproduce more often 4. That trait becomes more common in the population

Artificial Selection: When humans cause a particular trait to become more common in a population because of selective breeding 1. Genetic variation- desired trait present 2. Human only breeds individuals that have that trait 3. The trait become more common in the population.