Atoms and the Periodic Table

What is an Atom? Atom Building blocks of all matter Made of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Protons - Positively charged particles located in the nucleus Neutrons - Neutral particles located in the Nucleus Nucleus - The center of the atom where all the atomic mass is

Electrons - Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that move around the nucleus Electron Cloud - The space surrounding the nucleus in which electrons are most likely found.

Isotope An atom that has a constant atomic number but differing atomic masses, giving the atom differing numbers of neutrons

Subatomic Particles These are the individual protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom

Element. A pure substance made of only one kind of atom Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number

Nuclear Fusion Process in which two atomic nuclei combine and form a larger nucleus

Plasma State of matter that consists of a gas like mixture of free electrons and nuclei of atoms that have been stripped of their electrons

The Periodic Table There were three (3) key people that contributed to the elements, atoms and the periodic table. Dimitri Mendeleeve put the first periodic table together based on increased atomic mass

Joseph Priestly Earnest Rutherford credited with the discovery of oxygen (candle in the jar) Earnest Rutherford was credited with the discovery of the nucleus

The periodic table is an arrangement of all the elements in order of increasing atomic number

Each element on the periodic table has specific properties and information

Chemical symbol All start with a capital letter. NO EXCEPTIONS If there is a two letter symbol, the second letter is ALWAYS lower case

Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom The number of electrons in an atom The order in which the periodic table is arranged.

Atomic Mass The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons

Periodic table trends Period Group The rows of the periodic table 1-7 The columns of the periodic table. Some have specific names

Group 1 Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkali Earth Metals Group 17 Halogens Group 18 Noble Gasses

Alkali Metals React with other elements by loosing or giving up one electron Always found combined with other elements n nature

Alkali Earth Metals Good Conductors of electricity. React by loosing two electrons Always found combined with other elements in nature

Halogens Group 17 These are all salt forming Typically gain or share one electron. Often found in bonds with group 1 elements

Noble gasses Group 18 elements Not usually found in compounds Have a full valence shell of electrons