Treat everyone with sincerity, they will certainly appear likeable and friendly. Survival Analysis
Parametric Regression Models Survival Analysis Parametric Regression Models Survival Analysis
Abbreviated Outline Proportional hazards (PH) modeling Accelerated failure time (AFT) modeling Diagnosis for models/ model selection Survival Analysis
Notation Y: survival time X: covariate vector hx(y): the hazard function of Y given X Sx(y): the survival function of Y given X Yx: Y given X Survival Analysis
Proportional Hazards Model hx(y) = h0(y)*g(X) Hazard function of Y given X Baseline hazard function A positive function Common choice of g(x): Survival Analysis
Accelerated Failure Times Model Yx * g(X) = Y0 Sx(y) = S0(yg(X)) Baseline survival function Common choice of g(x): Survival Analysis
Notes AFT model = PH model if and only if the survival time is Weibull distributed. A more robust (semi-parametric) method has been developed for the PH model and so fitting the parametric PH model will not be demonstrated here. Survival Analysis
Several AFT Models Weibull AFT model Log-logistic AFT model Log-normal AFT model Generalized Gamma AFT model Survival Analysis
Model Diagnosis SAS reference: SAS textbook Chapter 4 Checking the parametric model for Y Residual analysis Survival Analysis
Model Diagnosis Checking the model for Y: If no censored observations, use Q-Q plots. If with censored observations, use probability plot (SAS option PROBPLOT in PROC LIFEREG) Survival Analysis
Graphical Methods for Model Diagnosis Exponential model Weibull model Lognormal model Log logistic model (exercise) Note: these methods do not take covariates into account; must be done by groups Survival Analysis
Model Diagnosis Checking the AFT model: Fit Kaplan-Meier method to each group separately Compute a sequence of percentiles for each group Draw the Q-Q plot, percentile of one group vs. that of another group “almost linear” implies AFT model Survival Analysis
Initial Model Selection Which parametric AFT model (with all covariate) to start with: For nested models: use likelihood ratio test (See SAS textbook p.89 for details and examples) Otherwise, use AIC (See Klein Sec. 12.4) Survival Analysis
Final Model Selection Fit the initial model Conduct backward model selection by L-R tests Survival Analysis
Residual Analysis Cox-Snell residual: and are i.i.d. exp(1). Survival Analysis
Residual Analysis The Cox-Snell residuals form a right censored dataset and it must follow the exponential distribution with mean one if the model fits the data right The residual analysis is NOT sensitive to the difference in model fit. Survival Analysis
Summary Fit AFT model including all covariates based on the Lognormal, log-logsitic, Weibull and Generalized Gamma models for Y (totally 3 models) Use LR tests/AIC to determine your initial model Do backward model selection to identify your final model Conduct residual analysis If it fits, write the fitted final model and interpret the model/describe the effects of covariates. Survival Analysis