Learning charcteristics to identify Minerals are about…. Learning charcteristics to identify Characteristics Naturally occurring inorganic solid Chemical composition Crystal structure How do they form? aka From magma crystallization From precipitation out of solution How do we group them? aka Carbonates Groups Silicates Oxides Native elements Sulfides Sulfates Most abundant Contains silicon and oxygen Fizzes with acid test releasing CO2 Bright colors Common metal ores Oxygen bonded to metal Identification Luster: metallic or nonmetallic observed without touching Fracture: breaks jagged Cleavage: breaks flat Streak: color on porcelain plate Hardness: Moh’s Scale 1(soft) to 10 (Hard) Special: Taste: Halite Smell: Sulfur Magnetism: Magnetite Acid: calcite Usess Toothpaste Mining ores for metal So what is most important? Identification methods

Double refraction (pg54) Word Book Definition Reminder mineral Silicates streak luster Crystal form hardness Mohs Scale cleavage 4th Block Vocabulary Sheet (Honors) Fracture Double refraction (pg54) Gemstone (pg56) Inorganic (pg45)

Classifying Igneous Rock Is about… How they form and what is in them Texture Classification Surface Underground Type Extrusive Intrusive Fast, rapidly Cooling Rate slowly Small: glassy, fine grained Large: coarse grained Crystal Size Composition Classification Light colored, high in silica, Granite, Rhyolite Felsic Mix of color or gray, medium density, Andesite, Diorite Intermediate Dark colored, low silica, high Fe and Mg, High density, Basalt, Gabbro mafic Greenish color, very high in Fe and Mg ultramafic Critical Question: How does cooling rate affect the classification of igneous rock?

Porphyritic Texture (72) Word Book Definition Reminder Pumice (74) Obsidian (74) Andesitic Composition Basaltic Composition Granitic Composition Composition (72) Porphyritic Texture (72) Coarse-Grained (72) Fine-grained (72) texture Intrusive igneous rock Extrusive Igneous Rock magma

Word Book Definition Reminder erosion deposition fossil Clastic sedimentary rock erosion Chemical sedimentary rock Biochemical sedimentary rock compaction Cementation deposition Lithofication (76) Strata (78) fossil Conglomerate (79)

Formation and classification Sedimentary Rocks Formation and classification Types chemical Organic (biochemical) Clastic Formation From solution From skeletons or shells Pieces of other rocks Classification Chemical composition Types of fossils in it Size and shape of grains Examples Rock salt Rock Gypsum Coal limestone Sandstone Conglomerate Shale Environments Caves or ancient oceans Ancient swamps or beaches Rivers or beaches or deserts Steps to Lithification 1. weathering 2.erosion 3. Deposit sediments 4.compaction 5.cementation Sedimentary Deposits Deltas Strata glaciers (unsorted) So what is most important to remember about sedimentary rocks? Formation

Word Book Definition Reminder Parent rock (80) Extend Hydrothermal solution Parent rock (80) Contact metamorphism Regional metamorphism Foliated Metamorphic Rock Nonfoliated Metamorphic Rock metamorphism Confining pressure (82) Directed Pressure (78) Extend

mountains (large areas) Pressure (direct) regional Metamorphic Rock Is about… how rocks change Metamorphism ___________________ Types Where it occurs What causes it? mountains (large areas) Pressure (direct) regional Near magma heat contact Underwater near volcanoes heat hydrothermal nonfoliated Texture Types foliated Slate form shale *marble from limestone *quartzite from sandstone phyllite schist So what do we need to know? Gneiss from Granite Texture Extend: Write 3 Metamorphic Rocks and their parent rocks on the back.