2-22 Today’s Agenda… Bellringer: Physical Science (Motion and Forces) Multiple Choice on Bellringer Sheet Get your clickers! Turn in Open Response Question Review Genetic Disorders Notes on Advances in Genetics

Advances in Genetics Study Pack #15

Advances in Genetics Three methods that people have used to develop organisms with desirable traits are: Selective breeding Cloning Genetic engineering

Selective Breeding The process of selecting a few parents with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation Usually used to increase the value of a plant or animal

Selective Breeding One selective breeding technique is inbreeding Crossing two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles Offspring are very similar to parent Mendel used inbreeding to create purebred pea plants Advantages? Disadvantages?

Selective Breeding Another technique is hybridization Breeders cross two genetically different individuals Offspring have best traits from both parents

Cloning With selective breeding it is not CERTAIN that the desired traits will be passed on to offspring, remember that it is based on probability A clone is an individual that is genetically IDENTICAL to the organism from which is it produced

Cloning In plants – cutting In animals Take a small part of plant and it grows into a entirely new plant In animals Dolly was the first!

Genetic Engineering Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism Used to produce medicines, to improve food crops, and to try to cure human genetic disorders

Gene Therapy Type of genetic engineering Insert working copies of a gene directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder using viruses