Bellwork Obj: SWBAT Compare & Contrast DNA with RNA What does DNA stand for? Based on your answer to #1, predict what RNA stands for? 3. Do all living things have DNA, why or why not? 4. What other materials will you bring tomorrow to put on your science fair poster? Take out your slates

If you do not bring sci. fair board materials tomorrow: -if you have already built your FINAL board, you may work on other classwork. -if it is ‘at home’ or you didn’t do it or have it: you will help clean up the classroom and do any menial tasks I have for you.

RNA & Central Dogma

Look at the compare/contrast RNA and DNA diagram in front of you. With your partner write down at least 3 differences and 3 similiarities between DNA and RNA on your slate. Think: Why might these differences exist?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA vs RNA How many nucleotides? 3 parts of a nucleotide? What does the “B” stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA vs RNA What’s the difference? How many nucleotides? 3 parts of a nucleotide? What does the “B” stand for? OH! Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid

Structure is related to function! What are DNA’s 2 functions? Remember this? Structure is related to function! What are DNA’s 2 functions?

RNA Structure Notes RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose)

RNA Structure Notes RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose) Uracil (U) is used instead of T

RNA Structure Notes RIBOSE is the sugar in RNA nucleotides (instead of deoxyribose) Uracil (U) is used instead of T RNA is usually single-stranded

Vote by sign language: NA NA RNA DNA DNA AGCCTGCTA TCGGACGAT RNA RNA

Try this AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU What might it look like if you turned this double stranded DNA molecule into an RNA copy? AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU Which DNA strand would this RNA be the COMPLEMENT of?

Try this AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU AGUUCGA What might it look like if you turned this double stranded DNA molecule into an RNA copy? AGTTCGA TCAAGCT RNA: UCAAGCU AGUUCGA Which DNA strand would this RNA be the COMPLEMENT of? Do the RNA complement for the bottom DNA strand

RNA has a different structure… predict it’s functions (jobs) DNA vs RNA RNA has a different structure… predict it’s functions (jobs) Hint: other names for RNA messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA

Central Dogma (“Big Idea”) of Biology DNA DNA stores information to run cell RNA’s function is to make proteins! RNA Proteins actually DO the work in the cell Protein

Why are proteins so important? Proteins are made of tiny subunits…what are they called? What are some functions of proteins? (Hint: ) Chemical Reactions (enzymes) Immune System (antibodies) Growth & Development (hormones) etc. polymers

Types of RNA mRNA: messenger RNA makes a copy (message) of the information stored in DNA & moves the info out of the nucleus! (DNA doesn’t leave nucleus) Codons are 3 letter “words” that make up the message- it’s a recipe for a protein

Types of RNA rRNA: ribosomal RNA folds into a ribosome which reads the mRNA codons and connects amino acids into a chain that will become a protein Realistic image of rRNA folded into a ribosome rRNA folds into 2 subunits (large & small) Together, they make the ribosome!

Types of RNA tRNA: transfer RNA transports amino acids to the ribosome, and uses an anti-codon to match the correct amino acid to the correct mRNA codon. It then transfers amino acids to the growing chain. tRNA is T-shaped!

Turn to your neighbor Summarize the 3 types of RNA and how each is related to protein synthesis

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein Amino Acids are the small subunits of ___________

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein Made with Uracil (U) instead of T: ___________

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein The central dogma of biology says that ______  RNA  Protein

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein Transports amino acids to the ribosome: ___________

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein Reads mRNA and assembles amino acids into a chain: ___________

Practice Putting It All Together Which of the following am I showing/describing? DNA mRNA rRNA tRNA Protein A copy of the information in DNA that can be taken out of the nucleus: ___________

Why not skip the DNA step? DNA stores information to run cell RNA’s function is to make proteins! RNA Proteins actually DO the work in the cell Protein

Talk to your neighbor & write down your answer… DNA If you can code the same messages in mRNA….why doesn’t the cell forget about DNA altogether and use RNA as the primary genetic molecule? Propose logical possibilities why cells evolved to use DNA. RNA Protein

Viruses & RNA Many viruses, like the flu & HIV code their genes in RNA. What do you know about these two viruses? What makes their genes different from the genes in plants and animals?

RNA is less stable than DNA RNA genes are why many viruses mutate quickly (new flu shot every year) DNA genes are more stable, so plants and animals evolve more slowly DNA is more protected as a double stranded molecule inside of the nucleus

Closure- Structure & Function of DNA & RNA *When you are finished work on the DNA/RNA worksheet*