LECTURE 3: MICROEVOLUTION PART 1 DNA

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Presentation transcript:

LECTURE 3: MICROEVOLUTION PART 1 DNA TODAY’S OBJECTIVES: Identify building blocks of DNA Describe DNA structure and the rules to base pairing in DNA

What is DNA? How does DNA make each of these items look/function differently?

What are the building blocks of DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymer (nucleic acid)made up of monomers (nucleotides) Nucleotides building blocks of DNA Only 4 make up DNA

What is the structure of a Nucleotide? 3 parts Ring shaped sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group (P surrounded by 4 O) Nitrogenous base (nitrogen and carbon ring/s with functional groups)

What are the Nitrogenous bases? 4 bases in DNA Pyrimidines (single ring) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Purines (double ring) Adenine (A) Guanine (G)

What are the Nitrogenous bases?

What are DNA strands? DNA is double stranded Each Strand is a line of nucleotides bonded together Nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds Sugar group of one nucleotide is bonded to phosphate group of another

What is the structure of DNA? Double helix Sugar-phosphate group on outside Bases on the inside Complimentary base pairs Bases of the two strands bond together in specific way A-T C-G

What does this mean? ATTGCGCCTTTTCG TAACGCGGAAAAGC What would the complementary strand look like?

What is a gene? Gene: Function of gene is to code for a specific polypeptide Language of genes is a specific nucleotide sequence Each gene is like a sentence/with the bases being the letters

What is the Information flow of DNA? Gene (portion of DNA) is copied TRANSCRIPTION mRNA copies a portion of DNA strand (gene) Leaves nucleus to direct making of protein The mRNA is read to make specific amino acid sequences TRANSLATION Nucleic Acid information into Amino Acids Each Amino Acid has a specific 3 base CODON that codes for it

Basic Process for ALL cells Transcription Translation DNA RNA Protein stored information working copy functional molecule

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What is RNA? RNA: Ribonucleic Acid Helps with forming polypeptides from DNA HOW DOES IT DIFFER FROM DNA? Uses Ribose /not Deoxyribose Uses Uracil (U) /not Thymine (T)

What is the triplet code? Codon: A set of 3 bases (UAU) (TGC) Each codon codes for only 1 amino acid The triplet code is used for every organism

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